Ruzbeh Mosadeghi, Kurt M Reichermeier ... Radoslav I Enchev
The general principles that underlie the mechanism of action of the COP9-Signalosome, a key regulator of the largest family of ubiquitin ligase enzymes in human cells, have been identified using structural and kinetic techniques.
The kinase AKT acts as a nodal point that coordinates both positive and negative cues to regulate the regeneration of central nervous system axons in adult mice.
Matthias Guggenmos, Gregor Wilbertz ... Philipp Sterzer
Neural confidence signals can take the role of reward signals and explain perceptual learning without external feedback as a form of internal reinforcement learning.
Extensive periodic regulation of alternative splicing during the cell cycle in genes is linked to cell cycle functions, and involves an auto-inhibitory mechanism that uses the protein kinase CLK1.
CDKG1 is a D-cyclin dependent retinoblastoma related protein kinase whose abundance scales with cell size and controls cell division cycle number during multiple fission.
Protein engineering and large-scale screening has led to the development of sensitive red fluorescent indicators that detect neural activity with high sensitivity in various animal models.
Raul Y Sanchez David, Chantal Combredet ... Anastassia V Komarova
An experimental approach allowing characterization of viral RNA ligands recognized by RIG-I-like receptors during infection by any RNA viruses is established and validated.
Michaela Gschweitl, Anna Ulbricht ... Matthias Peter
The poorly characterized BTB-protein SPOPL is required to maintain the function of the late endosomal system and the endocytic adaptor EPS15 is therein targeted by the SPOPL/Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex for degradation.
Retrosplenial axons arriving in the parahippocampal region around the first day after birth are topographically organized, similarly to what has been reported in the adult.
Peter Keating, Onayomi Rosenior-Patten ... Andrew J King
Training enables adult humans to rapidly adapt their sound localization abilities to unilateral hearing loss by combining different strategies that rely on partially distinct neurophysiological substrates.
Yevgeniya A Mironova, Guy M Lenk ... Roman J Giger
The signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2 supports the formation of the myelin sheath, by regulating trafficking of myelin building blocks within oligodendrocytes and communication between oligodendrocytes and neuronal axons.
Rapamycin treatment inhibits mTOR activity and preserves ATP levels in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from a maternally inherited Leigh syndrome patient.
Whole-brain activity imaging in larval zebrafish reveals brain regions that influence patterns of spontaneous movement to increase local exploration efficiency.
Overexpression of PLK1 triggers oncogenic transformation and transcriptional reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, which stimulates cell migration and invasion.
Shatanik Mukherjee, Vera Jansen ... Dagmar Wachten
A new FRET-based cAMP biosensor with nanomolar sensitivity makes it possible to measure cAMP dynamics in miniscule subcellular compartments like cilia and flagella.
Structural and biochemical analysis of full-length huntingtin protein illuminates the impact of the polyglutamine region on its structure and function.
Genome sequencing reveals the evolution and epidemiology of Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent, where epidemics have caused up to 30,000 deaths per year.
Yamuna D Paila, Lynn GL Richardson ... Danny J Schnell
The conserved polypeptide transport associated (POTRA) domains of the protein import channel, Toc75, are essential for protein import into chloroplasts.
Ingeborg Streng-Ouwehand, Nataschja I Ho ... Yvette van Kooyk
Controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can influence intracellular routing of antigens and the nature and strength of immune response, and should therefore be considered as a major determinant in the design of vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
A novel transposon-based enhancer trap screen in mice permits high throughput development of highly restricted driver strains targeting specific neuronal cell types.
Louise Scharf, Anthony P West Jr ... Pamela J Bjorkman
Structural and computational analyses of germline antibody/HIV-1 gp120 complexes provide both general principles relevant to the unusual evolution of potent CD4-binding site antibodies and guidelines for structure-based immunogen design.
Alejandro Villarino, Arian Laurence ... John J O'Shea
Asymmetrical expression dictates functional dominance of one STAT5 paralog at cellular and tissue levels despite redundancy at molecular and genomic levels.
Casey M Schneider-Mizell, Stephan Gerhard ... Albert Cardona
A new method that uses the cellular neuroanatomy of neuronal connectivity to quickly and robustly reconstruct neuronal circuits in Drosophila from large electron microscopy volumes.
Studying the activity of cortical neurons in rats reveals the subcellular effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation, which is used for the non-invasive treatment of a variety of brain disorders.
The functional relevance of stem cell niche perturbation in sarcomagenesis is defined and the mouse model presented provides a rationale for the use of combination therapy for the treatment of genetically heterogeneous sarcomas.
Max A Horlbeck, Lea B Witkowsky ... Jonathan S Weissman
Nucleosomes provide a direct and profound block to the activity of the CRISPR effector protein Cas9, suggesting future sophisticated design rules for CRISPR targeting.
The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, a human pathogen, hijacks its host’s energy supplies by using the parasitophorous vacuole as a glycogen synthesis and storage compartment.
Sushama Sivakumar, Paweł Ł Janczyk ... Gary J Gorbsky
Microtubule binding by the Spindle and Kinetochore Associated (Ska) complex concentrates protein phosphatase 1 at metaphase kinetochores to overcome the spindle checkpoint thus driving anaphase onset and mitotic exit.
Katherine S Xue, Kathryn A Hooper ... Jesse D Bloom
The frequent co-occurrence of two variants of influenza is due to the fact that they cooperate, meaning that a mixed population grows better than either variant alone.
Toshihide Kurihara, Peter D Westenskow ... Martin Friedlander
Mouse models in which hypoxia can be genetically triggered in retinal pigmented epithelial cells show that hypoxia-induced metabolic stress alone can lead to photoreceptor atrophy/dysfunction.
Unlike other similar enzymes, the antimicrobial enzyme PlyC can interact with and translocate eukaryotic membranes, and then lyse and kill intracellular bacteria.
Margarita C Dinamarca, Francesca Guzzetti ... Monica Di Luca
A protein called RNF10 relays messages from synapses to neuron cell nuclei, and is responsible for long-lasting modifications of dendritic spines as observed after activation of synaptic glutamate receptors.
A realistic model of the connections between local populations of neurons in the adult mouse brain can be constructed based on just two biologically plausible rules.
Mapping individual neural stem cells to their corresponding embryonic and postembryonic progeny shows that these sets of neurons have profound molecular and anatomical similarities despite building different central nervous systems.
The hippocampus features a double dissociation in its circuits with respect to the regulation of fear and anxiety, with CA3 and the dentate gyrus implicated in anxiety and CA1 in fear.
Duy Pham Thanh, Abhilasha Karkey ... Stephen Baker
A fluoroquinolone resistant variant of Salmonella Typhi has emerged that is likely to be widespread in the Indian subcontinent; therefore fluoroquinolones should not be recommended for empirical typhoid fever therapy in this setting.
Loss-of-function screening identified transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as a putative tumor suppressor in the TP53 pathway and revealed that TGM2-mediated autophagy and CDKN1A-mediated cell cycle arrest are two critical barriers that prevent oncogenic transformation.
Jonathan O Nelson, Kristin A Moore ... Mark M Metzstein
Excess expression of the Gadd45 mRNA accounts for lethality when nonsense-mediated decay is lost in Drosophila and mammalian cells, revealing that this pathway is a critical gene regulatory mechanism.
Computational modeling of the brain’s navigation system reveals that place cells can drive the formation of hexagonal patterns experimentally observed in grid cells activity.
An enrichable cross-linker with optional isotope labeling quadruples the number of cross-linked peptides identified from high-complexity samples, enhancing proteome-wide analysis of protein-protein interactions and protein conformational changes by mass spectrometry.
A pathway controlling non-apoptotic developmental cell death engages non-canonical death-promoting activities of the stress factor HSF-1, which, in turn, activates specific components of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation machinery.
Interventions in feedlots and abattoirs place selective pressure on the beef cattle resistome, which differentially impacts the public health risk of antimicrobial resistance from beef production sources.
Calogero Maria Oddo, Stanisa Raspopovic ... Silvestro Micera
Delivering specific patterns of electrical activity to the median nerve of the arm triggers reliable sensations of texture, suggesting that it may ultimately be possible to restore complex tactile information to users of prosthetic limbs.
William E Diehl, Nirali Patel ... Welkin E Johnson
Endogenous virus sequences in the genomes of modern mammals reveal the global spread of an ancient virus lineage, including frequent interspecies transmission, adaptation, and emergence spanning several million years of mammalian evolution
Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and accessible chromatin shows that retinal rods and cones have distinct epigenomic features that reflect differences in their development and function.
Moitrayee Bhattacharyya, Margaret M Stratton ... John Kuriyan
Closed-ring and open-spiral assembly of the multi-subunit neuronal kinase CaMKII suggest a mechanism for how active subunits shuttle between individual assemblies, propagating stimulatory signals.
William Sedley, Phillip E Gander ... Timothy D Griffiths
Changes to sensory predictions are encoded by beta oscillations, surprise due to prediction violations by gamma oscillations, and alpha oscillations may have a role in controlling the precision of predictions.
Brian F Sadacca, Joshua L Jones, Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.
The Volta phase plate enables in-focus single particle analysis at near atomic resolutions, which could expand the capabilities of cryo-EM, especially for small, flexible or heterogeneous macromolecular samples.
Many natural isolates of budding yeast carry extra chromosome copies and show lower-than-expected expression at a subset of amplified genes, which show unique evolutionary signatures.
Beth M Stadtmueller, Kathryn E Huey-Tubman ... Pamela J Bjorkman
The ectodomain of the human polymeric Ig receptor maintains a closed triangular shape that binds and excludes bacteria in mucosa, or opens to bind and transport polymeric Ig ligands across epithelial cells.
Parvalbumin-containing inhibitory neurons are crucial for expression of plasticity in adult visual cortex that supports visual recognition memory, but not for expression of ocular dominance plasticity that results from monocular deprivation.
MalariaGEN Plasmodium falciparum Community Project
Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 mutations that cause artemisinin resistant malaria in Southeast Asia show markedly different patterns of evolutionary selection in Africa.
Ryo Yonashiro, Erich B Tahara ... Claudio AP Joazeiro
Rqc2-mediated modification of ribosome-stalled nascent chains with "CAT tails" promotes formation of insoluble aggregates suggesting that proteins can become specifically marked for aggregation.
Claire M Gillan, Michal Kosinski ... Nathaniel D Daw
A dimensional approach to psychiatry demonstrates the specificity and generalizability of a neurocognitive marker of compulsive behavior and intrusive thought via large-scale online testing.