Building on previous work (Ge et al., 2013), it is shown that the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment is a platform for the production of COPII vesicles as precursor membranes for the lipidation of LC3, which is an essential step in autophagosome biogenesis.
A broadly used gene expression regulatory mechanism inactivates targets by CED-3-caspase-mediated proteolysis and works in parallel to miRNAs for diverse non-apoptotic developmental functions.
Martina Katharina Ried, Meritxell Antolín-Llovera, Martin Parniske
Ectopic expression of Symbiosis Receptor-like Kinase (SYMRK) in roots of the legume Lotus japonicus resulted in spontaneous activation of nodule organogenesis and mycorrhiza-related gene expression in the absence of microbial symbionts or signalling molecules.
Building on previous work (Meigh et al., 2013) we show that A88V, a mutation in connexin26 (Cx26) that causes Keratitis-Ichthyosis-Deafness (KID) syndrome in humans, is linked to a lack of sensitivity to CO2 by Cx26 hemichannels.
Takashi Koyama, Marisa A Rodrigues ... Christen K Mirth
In Drosophila melanogaster, nutrition controls body size by acting through the Forkhead Box class O (FoxO)/Ultraspiracle complex to regulate nutrition-sensitive ecdysone biosynthesis, thereby controlling the switch to stop growth.
Silvia Ardissone, Coralie Fumeaux ... Patrick H Viollier
A multi-layered and conserved cell cycle mechanism prevents capsulation, long known as a bacterial virulence determinant, in G1-phase and concurrently licenses bacteriophage-mediated genetic exchange prior to entry into S-phase.
Jason A Metcalf, Lisa J Funkhouser-Jones ... Seth R Bordenstein
Parallel horizontal gene transfer has spread a bacteriolytic gene family to all domains of life, and has bestowed a niche-transcending adaptation in recipients that must deploy antibacterial molecules to survive in a bacterial world.
Loss of RUNX1, a key regulator of estrogen receptor-positive luminal breast cells, impairs mammary epithelial differentiation and contributes to luminal breast cancer via genetic interactions with a loss of p53 or RB1.
The caudate region of the brain signals the context in which sensory evidence is evaluated, helping animals to adapt their behavior to changing conditions.
Spontaneous fusion of vesicles at synapses is regulated independently of fusion triggered by action potentials, adding to evidence that the two types of fusion have distinct functions.
Microtubule attachment fundamentally modifies kinesin's behavior by triggering a ‘clamshell’ opening of the nucleotide cleft, subsequently reversed by ATP binding, that couples to cargo translocation.
The formation of mutually exclusive coding and non-coding transcription units contributes to transcriptional interference and insulation at gene clusters and manages state-switching in response to environmental change.
A short treatment of the NOD mouse model of type-1 diabetes with I-BET151, a small molecule bromodomain blocker, provides long-term protection from disease by inducing macrophages to adapt an anti-inflammatory tenor whilst promoting islet β cell regeneration.
Lrp4 mutant mice display profound deficits in cognitive tasks that assess learning and memory with disruptions in the subcellular organization of synaptic inputs and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus.
A previously unrecognized transcriptional coactivator function of the dyskerin ribonucleoprotein complex and its associated small nucleolar RNA has been uncovered and mediates embryonic stem cell-specific transcription.
Insights into the roles and mechanisms of two of the miRNAs upregulated in human breast cancer stem cells in at least some breast cancers are presented.
Deactivation of one side of the auditory midbrain while recording in the other shows that the two sides cooperate in processing frequency and in enhancing the encoding of sound level.
Mathematical models of the build-up and depletion of the hypnozoite reservoir in the liver can inform the design of treatment strategies for preventing Plasmodium vivax relapse infections.
Transposition reactions that occur during DNA replication and involve the termini of adjacent transposons can induce genome expansion by re-replication of transposon-flanking sequences.
Annina Denoth-Lippuner, Marek Konrad Krzyzanowski ... Yves Barral
The SAGA complex binds non-chromosomal DNA circles and prevents their spreading by attaching them to nuclear pores, thereby leading to the concomitant accumulation of DNA circles and pores in ageing yeast mother cells.
Ann M Hermundstad, John J Briguglio ... Gašper Tkačik
Psychophysical measures of human sensitivity to visual patterns reveal that the brain preferentially processes those features of stimuli that are more variable in the natural world.
Till F M Andlauer, Sabrina Scholz-Kornehl ... Stephan J Sigrist
Drep-2 is the first representative of the evolutionary conserved CIDE-N protein family found at synapses and is required for associative learning by functionally intersecting with metabotropic signaling.
Qian Sun, Kalyan V Srinivas ... Steven A Siegelbaum
In the hippocampus, dendritic Na + spikes are required for signals from the entorhinal cortex to drive action potentials in CA2-but not CA1 or CA3-pyramidal neurons.
Not all members of the bacteria sodium channel family are sodium channels - those found in Bacillus are highly adaptable and can be converted into many selectivity types.
Daniel J Puleston, Hanlin Zhang ... Anna Katharina Simon
Autophagy is required for CD8+ T cell memory formation; in aged individuals autophagy levels are diminished, and increasing autophagy enhances their CD8+ T cell responses.
Amino-acid starvation leads to the formation of a reversible stress assembly, the Sec body, which is a pro-survival reservoir for components of the ER exit sites.
The 24 ankyrin repeats of ankyrin proteins form an extended solenoid that provides an extremely conserved groove for binding to numerous targets via combinatorial usage of multiple weak interaction sites.
Genetic mouse models and human cell lines show that Musashi proteins promote an epithelial/luminal state and inhibit epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and genome-wide maps of translational regulatory targets connect Musashi proteins to an epithelial alternative splicing program and to the regulation of EMT.
A novel regulatory step in the endocytic pathway, which occurs post-internalization, takes place at the trans-Golgi network and involves the arrestin-related protein Rod1 and the ubiquitin ligase Rsp5.
There is surprising functional splitting of major hippocampal GABA cell classes during high-frequency network oscillations that doubles the repertoire of spatio-temporal patterns of GABA release.
Elizabeth J Tanner, Hong-mei Liu ... Karla Kirkegaard
When antiviral compounds target oligomeric assemblages, the formation of chimeric oligomers within cells can negate selection for naturally occurring drug-resistant variants.
