March 2016

Research articles

    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Structural and kinetic analysis of the COP9-Signalosome activation and the cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase deneddylation cycle

    Ruzbeh Mosadeghi, Kurt M Reichermeier ... Radoslav I Enchev
    The general principles that underlie the mechanism of action of the COP9-Signalosome, a key regulator of the largest family of ubiquitin ligase enzymes in human cells, have been identified using structural and kinetic techniques.
    1. Neuroscience

    mTORC1 is necessary but mTORC2 and GSK3β are inhibitory for AKT3-induced axon regeneration in the central nervous system

    Linqing Miao, Liu Yang ... Yang Hu
    The kinase AKT acts as a nodal point that coordinates both positive and negative cues to regulate the regeneration of central nervous system axons in adult mice.
    1. Neuroscience

    Mesolimbic confidence signals guide perceptual learning in the absence of external feedback

    Matthias Guggenmos, Gregor Wilbertz ... Philipp Sterzer
    Neural confidence signals can take the role of reward signals and explain perceptual learning without external feedback as a form of internal reinforcement learning.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Cell Biology

    Quality control in oocytes by p63 is based on a spring-loaded activation mechanism on the molecular and cellular level

    Daniel Coutandin, Christian Osterburg ... Volker Dötsch
    p63 uses an intricate network of domain-domain interactions to control its function in long-term quality maintenance of resting oocytes.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular basis for multimerization in the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor

    Yongjian Huang, Shashank Bharill ... John Kuriyan
    Multimerization plays a functional role in EGFR activation and can be blocked by mutations in a specific region of Domain IV.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Activation of individual L1 retrotransposon instances is restricted to cell-type dependent permissive loci

    Claude Philippe, Dulce B Vargas-Landin ... Gaël Cristofari
    The expression of human L1 retrotransposons is highly locus-specific and variable between different cell types.
    1. Cell Biology

    An extensive program of periodic alternative splicing linked to cell cycle progression

    Daniel Dominguez, Yi-Hsuan Tsai ... Zefeng Wang
    Extensive periodic regulation of alternative splicing during the cell cycle in genes is linked to cell cycle functions, and involves an auto-inhibitory mechanism that uses the protein kinase CLK1.
    1. Cell Biology

    A new class of cyclin dependent kinase in Chlamydomonas is required for coupling cell size to cell division

    Yubing Li, Dianyi Liu ... James G Umen
    CDKG1 is a D-cyclin dependent retinoblastoma related protein kinase whose abundance scales with cell size and controls cell division cycle number during multiple fission.
    1. Neuroscience

    Sensitive red protein calcium indicators for imaging neural activity

    Hod Dana, Boaz Mohar ... Douglas S Kim
    Protein engineering and large-scale screening has led to the development of sensitive red fluorescent indicators that detect neural activity with high sensitivity in various animal models.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Comparative analysis of viral RNA signatures on different RIG-I-like receptors

    Raul Y Sanchez David, Chantal Combredet ... Anastassia V Komarova
    An experimental approach allowing characterization of viral RNA ligands recognized by RIG-I-like receptors during infection by any RNA viruses is established and validated.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Disruption of glycolytic flux is a signal for inflammasome signaling and pyroptotic cell death

    Laura E Sanman, Yu Qian ... Matthew Bogyo
    A signal for inflammatory cell death is induced by the disruption of cellular metabolism.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    A SPOPL/Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates endocytic trafficking by targeting EPS15 at endosomes

    Michaela Gschweitl, Anna Ulbricht ... Matthias Peter
    The poorly characterized BTB-protein SPOPL is required to maintain the function of the late endosomal system and the endocytic adaptor EPS15 is therein targeted by the SPOPL/Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex for degradation.
    1. Neuroscience

    Postnatal development of retrosplenial projections to the parahippocampal region of the rat

    Jørgen Sugar, Menno P Witter
    Retrosplenial axons arriving in the parahippocampal region around the first day after birth are topographically organized, similarly to what has been reported in the adult.
    1. Neuroscience

    Behavioral training promotes multiple adaptive processes following acute hearing loss

    Peter Keating, Onayomi Rosenior-Patten ... Andrew J King
    Training enables adult humans to rapidly adapt their sound localization abilities to unilateral hearing loss by combining different strategies that rely on partially distinct neurophysiological substrates.
    1. Neuroscience

    PI(3,5)P2 biosynthesis regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation by intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms

    Yevgeniya A Mironova, Guy M Lenk ... Roman J Giger
    The signaling lipid PI(3,5)P2 supports the formation of the myelin sheath, by regulating trafficking of myelin building blocks within oligodendrocytes and communication between oligodendrocytes and neuronal axons.
    1. Neuroscience

    Alleviation of neuronal energy deficiency by mTOR inhibition as a treatment for mitochondria-related neurodegeneration

    Xinde Zheng, Leah Boyer ... Tony Hunter
    Rapamycin treatment inhibits mTOR activity and preserves ATP levels in neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from a maternally inherited Leigh syndrome patient.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    A glucose-starvation response regulates the diffusion of macromolecules

    Ryan P Joyner, Jeffrey H Tang ... Karsten Weis
    During stress conditions, eukaryotic cells dramatically alter their biophysical properties to regulate diffusion of macromolecules.
    1. Cell Biology

    A pH-driven transition of the cytoplasm from a fluid- to a solid-like state promotes entry into dormancy

    Matthias Christoph Munder, Daniel Midtvedt ... Simon Alberti
    The cytoplasm behaves as an adaptable fluid that can reversibly transition into a protective solid-like state upon stress.
    1. Neuroscience

    Brain-wide mapping of neural activity controlling zebrafish exploratory locomotion

    Timothy W Dunn, Yu Mu ... Misha B Ahrens
    Whole-brain activity imaging in larval zebrafish reveals brain regions that influence patterns of spontaneous movement to increase local exploration efficiency.
    1. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Stem cell progeny contribute to the schistosome host-parasite interface

    James J Collins III, George R Wendt ... Phillip A Newmark
    Stem cells are found to continually rejuvenate the epidermis of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni.
    1. Cell Biology

    Polo-like kinase 1 induces epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and promotes epithelial cell motility by activating CRAF/ERK signaling

    Jianguo Wu, Andrei I Ivanov ... Zheng Fu
    Overexpression of PLK1 triggers oncogenic transformation and transcriptional reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, which stimulates cell migration and invasion.
    1. Cell Biology

    A novel biosensor to study cAMP dynamics in cilia and flagella

    Shatanik Mukherjee, Vera Jansen ... Dagmar Wachten
    A new FRET-based cAMP biosensor with nanomolar sensitivity makes it possible to measure cAMP dynamics in miniscule subcellular compartments like cilia and flagella.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Neuroscience

    Huntingtin’s spherical solenoid structure enables polyglutamine tract-dependent modulation of its structure and function

    Ravi Vijayvargia, Raquel Epand ... Ihn Sik Seong
    Structural and biochemical analysis of full-length huntingtin protein illuminates the impact of the polyglutamine region on its structure and function.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Evolutionary genomics of epidemic visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent

    Hideo Imamura, Tim Downing ... James A Cotton
    Genome sequencing reveals the evolution and epidemiology of Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent, where epidemics have caused up to 30,000 deaths per year.
    1. Neuroscience

    The hierarchical organization of the lateral prefrontal cortex

    Derek Evan Nee, Mark D'Esposito
    Areas in the middle of the lateral prefrontal cortex select behaviors by taking into account both current and future needs.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Plant Biology

    Multi-functional roles for the polypeptide transport associated domains of Toc75 in chloroplast protein import

    Yamuna D Paila, Lynn GL Richardson ... Danny J Schnell
    The conserved polypeptide transport associated (POTRA) domains of the protein import channel, Toc75, are essential for protein import into chloroplasts.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    Glycan modification of antigen alters its intracellular routing in dendritic cells, promoting priming of T cells

    Ingeborg Streng-Ouwehand, Nataschja I Ho ... Yvette van Kooyk
    Controlled neo-glycosylation of antigens can influence intracellular routing of antigens and the nature and strength of immune response, and should therefore be considered as a major determinant in the design of vaccines against cancer and infectious diseases.
    1. Neuroscience

    A Mammalian enhancer trap resource for discovering and manipulating neuronal cell types

    Yasuyuki Shima, Ken Sugino ... Sacha B Nelson
    A novel transposon-based enhancer trap screen in mice permits high throughput development of highly restricted driver strains targeting specific neuronal cell types.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Structural basis for germline antibody recognition of HIV-1 immunogens

    Louise Scharf, Anthony P West Jr ... Pamela J Bjorkman
    Structural and computational analyses of germline antibody/HIV-1 gp120 complexes provide both general principles relevant to the unusual evolution of potent CD4-binding site antibodies and guidelines for structure-based immunogen design.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) paralog dose governs T cell effector and regulatory functions

    Alejandro Villarino, Arian Laurence ... John J O'Shea
    Asymmetrical expression dictates functional dominance of one STAT5 paralog at cellular and tissue levels despite redundancy at molecular and genomic levels.
    1. Neuroscience

    Quantitative neuroanatomy for connectomics in Drosophila

    Casey M Schneider-Mizell, Stephan Gerhard ... Albert Cardona
    A new method that uses the cellular neuroanatomy of neuronal connectivity to quickly and robustly reconstruct neuronal circuits in Drosophila from large electron microscopy volumes.
    1. Neuroscience

    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) inhibits cortical dendrites

    Sean C Murphy, Lucy M Palmer ... Matthew E Larkum
    Studying the activity of cortical neurons in rats reveals the subcellular effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation, which is used for the non-invasive treatment of a variety of brain disorders.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Birth order dependent growth cone segregation determines synaptic layer identity in the Drosophila visual system

    Abhishek Kulkarni, Deniz Ertekin ... Thomas Hummel
    Timing in the formation of neurons influences synaptic connectivity.
    1. Cell Biology

    The nucleolar protein NIFK promotes cancer progression via CK1α/β-catenin in metastasis and Ki-67-dependent cell proliferation

    Tsung-Chieh Lin, Chia-Yi Su ... Michael Hsiao
    NIFK promotes lung cancer metastasis via Runx1-dependent repression of CK1α, which activates TCF4/β-catenin signaling.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    Hepatocyte Growth Factor-mediated satellite cells niche perturbation promotes development of distinct sarcoma subtypes

    Deborah Morena, Nicola Maestro ... Riccardo Taulli
    The functional relevance of stem cell niche perturbation in sarcomagenesis is defined and the mouse model presented provides a rationale for the use of combination therapy for the treatment of genetically heterogeneous sarcomas.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Nucleosomes impede Cas9 access to DNA in vivo and in vitro

    Max A Horlbeck, Lea B Witkowsky ... Jonathan S Weissman
    Nucleosomes provide a direct and profound block to the activity of the CRISPR effector protein Cas9, suggesting future sophisticated design rules for CRISPR targeting.
    1. Cancer Biology

    Inactivation of the ATMIN/ATM pathway protects against glioblastoma formation

    Sophia M Blake, Stefan H Stricker ... Axel Behrens
    Deletion of the ATM cofactor ATMIN reduces PDGFRA expression and strongly suppresses tumorigenesis in a TP53-deficient mouse model of glioblastoma.
    1. Neuroscience

    Stereotyped spatial patterns of functional synaptic connectivity in the cerebellar cortex

    Antoine M Valera, Francesca Binda ... Philippe Isope
    Functional synaptic organization in the cerebellar cortex is stereotyped and associates distant modules through parallel fibers.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Sequestration of host metabolism by an intracellular pathogen

    Lena Gehre, Olivier Gorgette ... Agathe Subtil
    The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, a human pathogen, hijacks its host’s energy supplies by using the parasitophorous vacuole as a glycogen synthesis and storage compartment.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation

    The RNA binding protein IMP3 facilitates tumor immune escape by downregulating the stress-induced ligands ULPB2 and MICB

    Dominik Schmiedel, Julie Tai ... Ofer Mandelboim
    The well-established oncogene IMP3 impairs the interaction between cancer cells and the immune system.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    The human SKA complex drives the metaphase-anaphase cell cycle transition by recruiting protein phosphatase 1 to kinetochores

    Sushama Sivakumar, Paweł Ł Janczyk ... Gary J Gorbsky
    Microtubule binding by the Spindle and Kinetochore Associated (Ska) complex concentrates protein phosphatase 1 at metaphase kinetochores to overcome the spindle checkpoint thus driving anaphase onset and mitotic exit.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Cooperation between distinct viral variants promotes growth of H3N2 influenza in cell culture

    Katherine S Xue, Kathryn A Hooper ... Jesse D Bloom
    The frequent co-occurrence of two variants of influenza is due to the fact that they cooperate, meaning that a mixed population grows better than either variant alone.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Molecular shifts in limb identity underlie development of feathered feet in two domestic avian species

    Eric T Domyan, Zev Kronenberg ... Michael D Shapiro
    Feathered feet of pigeons and chickens result from a partial molecular and morphological transformation of legs to a wing-like identity.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Hypoxia-induced metabolic stress in retinal pigment epithelial cells is sufficient to induce photoreceptor degeneration

    Toshihide Kurihara, Peter D Westenskow ... Martin Friedlander
    Mouse models in which hypoxia can be genetically triggered in retinal pigmented epithelial cells show that hypoxia-induced metabolic stress alone can lead to photoreceptor atrophy/dysfunction.
    1. Neuroscience

    Massive cortical reorganization in sighted Braille readers

    Katarzyna Siuda-Krzywicka, Łukasz Bola ... Marcin Szwed
    Teaching a tactile alphabet to sighted adults reveals the brain’s unexpected potential for change.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    A bacteriophage endolysin that eliminates intracellular streptococci

    Yang Shen, Marilia Barros ... Daniel C Nelson
    Unlike other similar enzymes, the antimicrobial enzyme PlyC can interact with and translocate eukaryotic membranes, and then lyse and kill intracellular bacteria.
    1. Neuroscience

    Ring finger protein 10 is a novel synaptonuclear messenger encoding activation of NMDA receptors in hippocampus

    Margarita C Dinamarca, Francesca Guzzetti ... Monica Di Luca
    A protein called RNF10 relays messages from synapses to neuron cell nuclei, and is responsible for long-lasting modifications of dendritic spines as observed after activation of synaptic glutamate receptors.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    A simple generative model of the mouse mesoscale connectome

    Sid Henriksen, Rich Pang, Mark Wronkiewicz
    A realistic model of the connections between local populations of neurons in the adult mouse brain can be constructed based on just two biologically plausible rules.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Lineage mapping identifies molecular and architectural similarities between the larval and adult Drosophila central nervous system

    Haluk Lacin, James W Truman
    Mapping individual neural stem cells to their corresponding embryonic and postembryonic progeny shows that these sets of neurons have profound molecular and anatomical similarities despite building different central nervous systems.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Localized JNK signaling regulates organ size during development

    Helen Rankin Willsey, Xiaoyan Zheng ... Tian Xu
    JNK signaling is active in developing Drosophila tissues and is required for achieving proper organ size.
    1. Neuroscience

    Appetite controlled by a cholecystokinin nucleus of the solitary tract to hypothalamus neurocircuit

    Giuseppe D'Agostino, David J Lyons ... Lora K Heisler
    A novel and distinct cholecystokinin brain circuit critically modulates food intake and body weight.
    1. Neuroscience

    GSK3β regulates AKT-induced central nervous system axon regeneration via an eIF2Bε-dependent, mTORC1-independent pathway

    Xinzheng Guo, William D Snider, Bo Chen
    The AKT-GSK3β-eIF2Bε signaling module plays a key role in promoting axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Serotonin modulates insect hemocyte phagocytosis via two different serotonin receptors

    Yi-xiang Qi, Jia Huang ... Gong-yin Ye
    Insects use serotonin signaling in blood cells to help defend themselves against pathogens.
    1. Neuroscience

    Rhodopsin targeted transcriptional silencing by DNA-binding

    Salvatore Botta, Elena Marrocco ... Enrico Maria Surace
    Photoreceptor genomic binding of a 20 base-pair-long DNA sequence by a synthetic DNA-binding protein turns off Rhodopsin expression.
    1. Neuroscience

    Modulation of anxiety and fear via distinct intrahippocampal circuits

    Elif Engin, Kiersten S Smith ... Uwe Rudolph
    The hippocampus features a double dissociation in its circuits with respect to the regulation of fear and anxiety, with CA3 and the dentate gyrus implicated in anxiety and CA1 in fear.
    1. Developmental Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Precise regulation of the guidance receptor DMA-1 by KPC-1/Furin instructs dendritic branching decisions

    Xintong Dong, Hui Chiu ... Kang Shen
    The enzyme KPC-1/Furin down-regulates the DMA-1 receptor in neurons, allowing growing dendrites to migrate away from intermediate targets.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Neuroscience

    Mixed-mode oscillations and population bursting in the pre-Bötzinger complex

    Bartholomew J Bacak, Taegyo Kim ... Ilya A Rybak
    Computational modeling reveals the mechanisms by which a diverse group of neurons in the brainstem generates rhythmic breathing in mammals.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A novel ciprofloxacin-resistant subclade of H58 Salmonella Typhi is associated with fluoroquinolone treatment failure

    Duy Pham Thanh, Abhilasha Karkey ... Stephen Baker
    A fluoroquinolone resistant variant of Salmonella Typhi has emerged that is likely to be widespread in the Indian subcontinent; therefore fluoroquinolones should not be recommended for empirical typhoid fever therapy in this setting.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Cancer Biology

    Transglutaminase 2 contributes to a TP53-induced autophagy program to prevent oncogenic transformation

    Shi Yun Yeo, Yoko Itahana ... Koji Itahana
    Loss-of-function screening identified transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) as a putative tumor suppressor in the TP53 pathway and revealed that TGM2-mediated autophagy and CDKN1A-mediated cell cycle arrest are two critical barriers that prevent oncogenic transformation.
    1. Cell Biology

    Degradation of Gadd45 mRNA by nonsense-mediated decay is essential for viability

    Jonathan O Nelson, Kristin A Moore ... Mark M Metzstein
    Excess expression of the Gadd45 mRNA accounts for lethality when nonsense-mediated decay is lost in Drosophila and mammalian cells, revealing that this pathway is a critical gene regulatory mechanism.
    1. Neuroscience

    Extracting grid cell characteristics from place cell inputs using non-negative principal component analysis

    Yedidyah Dordek, Daniel Soudry ... Dori Derdikman
    Computational modeling of the brain’s navigation system reveals that place cells can drive the formation of hexagonal patterns experimentally observed in grid cells activity.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Trifunctional cross-linker for mapping protein-protein interaction networks and comparing protein conformational states

    Dan Tan, Qiang Li ... Xiaoguang Lei
    An enrichable cross-linker with optional isotope labeling quadruples the number of cross-linked peptides identified from high-complexity samples, enhancing proteome-wide analysis of protein-protein interactions and protein conformational changes by mass spectrometry.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Developmental Biology

    HSF-1 activates the ubiquitin proteasome system to promote non-apoptotic developmental cell death in C. elegans

    Maxime J Kinet, Jennifer A Malin ... Shai Shaham
    A pathway controlling non-apoptotic developmental cell death engages non-canonical death-promoting activities of the stress factor HSF-1, which, in turn, activates specific components of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation machinery.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Resistome diversity in cattle and the environment decreases during beef production

    Noelle R Noyes, Xiang Yang ... Keith E Belk
    Interventions in feedlots and abattoirs place selective pressure on the beef cattle resistome, which differentially impacts the public health risk of antimicrobial resistance from beef production sources.
    1. Neuroscience

    Intraneural stimulation elicits discrimination of textural features by artificial fingertip in intact and amputee humans

    Calogero Maria Oddo, Stanisa Raspopovic ... Silvestro Micera
    Delivering specific patterns of electrical activity to the median nerve of the arm triggers reliable sensations of texture, suggesting that it may ultimately be possible to restore complex tactile information to users of prosthetic limbs.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Tracking interspecies transmission and long-term evolution of an ancient retrovirus using the genomes of modern mammals

    William E Diehl, Nirali Patel ... Welkin E Johnson
    Endogenous virus sequences in the genomes of modern mammals reveal the global spread of an ancient virus lineage, including frequent interspecies transmission, adaptation, and emergence spanning several million years of mammalian evolution
    1. Cell Biology

    The cell proliferation antigen Ki-67 organises heterochromatin

    Michal Sobecki, Karim Mrouj ... Daniel Fisher
    Antigen Ki-67, which is widely used as a cell proliferation marker, controls heterochromatin organisation and gene expression.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    Epigenomic landscapes of retinal rods and cones

    Alisa Mo, Chongyuan Luo ... Jeremy Nathans
    Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation and accessible chromatin shows that retinal rods and cones have distinct epigenomic features that reflect differences in their development and function.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Molecular mechanism of activation-triggered subunit exchange in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II

    Moitrayee Bhattacharyya, Margaret M Stratton ... John Kuriyan
    Closed-ring and open-spiral assembly of the multi-subunit neuronal kinase CaMKII suggest a mechanism for how active subunits shuttle between individual assemblies, propagating stimulatory signals.
    1. Neuroscience

    Neural signatures of perceptual inference

    William Sedley, Phillip E Gander ... Timothy D Griffiths
    Changes to sensory predictions are encoded by beta oscillations, surprise due to prediction violations by gamma oscillations, and alpha oscillations may have a role in controlling the precision of predictions.
    1. Neuroscience

    Midbrain dopamine neurons compute inferred and cached value prediction errors in a common framework

    Brian F Sadacca, Joshua L Jones, Geoffrey Schoenbaum
    Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Acquisition of exogenous haem is essential for tick reproduction

    Jan Perner, Roman Sobotka ... Petr Kopacek
    The lack of haem biosynthetic and degradative pathways in ticks offers new strategies to combat these parasites.
    1. Neuroscience

    Sleep-active neuron specification and sleep induction require FLP-11 neuropeptides to systemically induce sleep

    Michal Turek, Judith Besseling ... Henrik Bringmann
    The mechanisms of specification and sleep induction by the single sleep-active neuron are revealed in C. elegans.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Cryo-EM single particle analysis with the Volta phase plate

    Radostin Danev, Wolfgang Baumeister
    The Volta phase plate enables in-focus single particle analysis at near atomic resolutions, which could expand the capabilities of cryo-EM, especially for small, flexible or heterogeneous macromolecular samples.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine

    SOX2 O-GlcNAcylation alters its protein-protein interactions and genomic occupancy to modulate gene expression in pluripotent cells

    Samuel A Myers, Sailaja Peddada ... Barbara Panning
    A post-translational modification called O-GlcNAcylation modulates the activity of the SOX2 transcription factor in pluripotent stem cells.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    No current evidence for widespread dosage compensation in S. cerevisiae

    Eduardo M Torres, Michael Springer, Angelika Amon
    Dosage compensation does not take place in wild yeast strains.
    1. Computational and Systems Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Further support for aneuploidy tolerance in wild yeast and effects of dosage compensation on gene copy-number evolution

    Audrey P Gasch, James Hose ... Zhishi Wang
    Many natural isolates of budding yeast carry extra chromosome copies and show lower-than-expected expression at a subset of amplified genes, which show unique evolutionary signatures.
    1. Neuroscience

    The auditory representation of speech sounds in human motor cortex

    Connie Cheung, Liberty S Hamilton ... Edward F Chang
    Brain activity patterns in motor cortex differ when we listen to speech as opposed to produce it.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
    2. Immunology and Inflammation

    The structure and dynamics of secretory component and its interactions with polymeric immunoglobulins

    Beth M Stadtmueller, Kathryn E Huey-Tubman ... Pamela J Bjorkman
    The ectodomain of the human polymeric Ig receptor maintains a closed triangular shape that binds and excludes bacteria in mucosa, or opens to bind and transport polymeric Ig ligands across epithelial cells.
    1. Neuroscience

    Contrasting roles for parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons in two forms of adult visual cortical plasticity

    Eitan S Kaplan, Sam F Cooke ... Mark F Bear
    Parvalbumin-containing inhibitory neurons are crucial for expression of plasticity in adult visual cortex that supports visual recognition memory, but not for expression of ocular dominance plasticity that results from monocular deprivation.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Genomic epidemiology of artemisinin resistant malaria

    MalariaGEN Plasmodium falciparum Community Project
    Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 mutations that cause artemisinin resistant malaria in Southeast Asia show markedly different patterns of evolutionary selection in Africa.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    The Rqc2/Tae2 subunit of the ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) complex marks ribosome-stalled nascent polypeptide chains for aggregation

    Ryo Yonashiro, Erich B Tahara ... Claudio AP Joazeiro
    Rqc2-mediated modification of ribosome-stalled nascent chains with "CAT tails" promotes formation of insoluble aggregates suggesting that proteins can become specifically marked for aggregation.
    1. Neuroscience

    A family of photoswitchable NMDA receptors

    Shai Berlin, Stephanie Szobota ... Ehud Y Isacoff
    Molecular engineering can generate light-sensitive NMDA receptors with specific subunit combinations.
    1. Neuroscience

    Characterizing a psychiatric symptom dimension related to deficits in goal-directed control

    Claire M Gillan, Michal Kosinski ... Nathaniel D Daw
    A dimensional approach to psychiatry demonstrates the specificity and generalizability of a neurocognitive marker of compulsive behavior and intrusive thought via large-scale online testing.
    1. Neuroscience

    Translational control of nicotine-evoked synaptic potentiation in mice and neuronal responses in human smokers by eIF2α

    Andon N Placzek, David L Molfese ... Mauro Costa-Mattioli
    An evolutionarily conserved mechanism involving translational control by p-eIF2α underlies vulnerability to nicotine addiction.
    1. Neuroscience

    Translational control by eIF2α phosphorylation regulates vulnerability to the synaptic and behavioral effects of cocaine

    Wei Huang, Andon N Placzek ... Mauro Costa-Mattioli
    Vulnerability to cocaine addiction during adolescence depends on translational control.

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