Durafshan Sakeena Syed, Swetha B.M. Gowda ... K VijayRaghavan
Signaling from glia and nerves regulate the development of axonal and dendritic motor neuron architecture, needed for walking in the fruit fly species Drosophila.
Olivia K Faull, Mark Jenkinson ... Kyle TS Pattinson
High-resolution imaging shows that the different columns of the human periaqueductal gray play differential roles in the response to a respiratory threat.
A canonical class III adenylate cyclase with a membrane anchor of six transmembrane spans is regulated by a receptor of similar design, the quorum-sensing receptor from Vibrio harveyi.
The molecular mechanisms beyond the bidirectionality (tTLP and tLTD) of endocanabinoid spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity have been identified.
Exosomes from cancer-associated fibroblasts enhance the "Warburg effect" in tumors and contain de novo metabolites that can contribute to the entire compendia of central carbon metabolism within cancer cells.
Saravanapriah Nadarajan, Firaz Mohideen ... Monica P Colaiacovo
Coordination between crossover designation and synaptonemal complex disassembly is executed via a conserved MAP kinase pathway and is critical for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis.
Yannick von Grabowiecki, Paula Abreu ... Christian Gaiddon
Atrophic muscles of patients and animal models developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis show an upregulation of TAp63 that stimulates the expression of a pro-atrophic ubiquitin ligase.
Sestrin2 loss could be a universal mechanism of human colon carcinogenesis that allows for barrier dysfunction, mTORC1 hyperactivation, unrestricted tumor growth and chemoresistance.
Tissue-specific temporal regulators impinge on the VEGF/Delta-Notch pathway to vary tip cell selection pace yielding diverse densities of vascular network.
The evaluation of a dengue early warning system demonstrates its potential to assist dengue prevention and control up to three months ahead of future epidemics.
Agnieszka M Kabat, Oliver J Harrison ... Kevin J Maloy
Impaired autophagy influences intestinal inflammation and hypersensitivity responses by orchestrating mucosal T cell populations, suggesting new translational perspectives for the treatment of these conditions.
Lipidated and highly hydrophobic Wnt ligands form a complex with the serum glycoprotein afamin, and can be purified and stored in a biologically active form without detergents.
Many tumors are depleted of mitochondrial DNA; this depletion is associated with changes in gene expression and with the incidence of critical somatic mutations and alterations.
Gilad D Evrony, Eunjung Lee ... Christopher A Walsh
The reanalysis of data from a recent study that claimed retrotransposon mutations are ubiquitous in the human brain outlines a general framework for the design and analysis of single-cell genomics studies.
A large-scale transgenic resource enables live imaging, subcellular localisation and interaction proteomics of specific gene products of interest at all stages of Drosophila development.
Adam M Corrigan, Edward Tunnacliffe ... Jonathan R Chubb
Rather than switching between discrete on and off states, gene transcription exists in a spectrum or continuum of states, with a slowly changing initiation rate modulating the levels of activity.
Anthony J Covarrubias, Halil Ibrahim Aksoylar ... Tiffany Horng
Interleukin 4 signaling co-opts the Akt-mTORC1-Acly pathway to couple metabolic input to the control of energetically demanding processes during macrophage M2 activation.
Claudia Scheckel, Elodie Drapeau ... Robert B Darnell
Neuronal ELAV-like (nELAVL) proteins are associated with non-coding Y RNAs in stressed neurons and in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients, suggesting a new means of regulatory protein sequestration and mRNA target regulation.
The concentration gradient of Bicoid protein positions gene expression domains along the anterior/posterior axis of the Drosophila embryo during the cleavage, pre-syncytial blastoderm stages.
Anna P Baron, Conrad von Schubert ... Erich A Nigg
Chemical inhibition of Bub1 shows that the catalytic activity is not required for normal mitotic progression, but it makes chromosome segregation and cell proliferation more sensitive to the effects of the anti-cancer drug Paclitaxel.
During early cortical development, microRNA-128 regulates the homeostasis of neural stem cells by targeting PCM1, a protein that is critical for cell division.
Jennifer C Regan, Mobina Khericha ... Linda Partridge
In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, stem cell activity ages female guts but not male guts; furthermore, males with feminized guts develop pathologies but gain an increase in lifespan through dietary restriction.
Mutants of influenza A virus with increased CpG dinucleotide frequencies show restricted replication and reduced or absent pathogenicity, and powerful host innate and adaptive responses to infection that confer immunity to re-infection.
Candice L Wike, Hillary K Graves ... Jessica K Tyler
A histone modification that alters the nucleosome structure occurs in mitosis and promotes chromosome packaging and the timely removal of condensin I and cohesion, to achieve chromosome segregation.
Primary trigeminal neurons encode rotational forces in awake mice as they explore an object with their whiskers, allowing accurate prediction of spiking during behaviour.
The Acyl-CoA binding domain-containing 7 (Acbd7) gene is expressed in the hypothalamus, encodes a peptide that suppresses appetite, increases metabolic rate and interacts with the leptin-melanocortin system.
Andrea Leo, Giacomo Handjaras ... Emiliano Ricciardi
The human brain encodes coordinated patterns of joint movements – synergies – to increase the efficiency with which it can control complex hand movements.
Expression of Drosophila bitter receptors in taste neurons produced increased, decreased, or novel responses, supporting a model in which the response profile is determined by activation, inhibition, or competition among receptors.
Genetic variations that underlie common autoimmune disease genes are predominantly regulatory and modify the expression of multiple genes within the HLA gene complex and throughout the immune system.
Coordinated activation and deactivation of inhibitory neurons triggers sequential muscle contractions that enable fruit fly larvae to propel themselves backwards and forwards.
Max Renner, Mattia Bertinelli ... Jonathan M Grimes
A structural comparison of different states of the protein responsible for encapsidation of the viral RNA genome provides mechanistic insights into this process.
Drosophila polymodal nociceptors use precipitous fluctuation of the firing rate, which depends on Ca2+ influx, as a key signal encoding a heat sensation and evoking the robust heat avoidance behavior.
Alison F Feder, Soo-Yon Rhee ... Pleuni S Pennings
The transition from bad to good treatments for HIV was accompanied by a shift from soft sweeps of many drug resistance mutations spreading simultaneously to harder sweeps of one drug resistant genotype at a time.
Time-lapse recording and theoretical analysis of individual cells isolated from the zebrafish segmentation clock reveal that they behave as self-sustained, autonomous oscillators with distinctive noisy dynamics.
Layer 4 neuronal identity is specified by Protocadherin20 positioning the neurons into layer 4 so that they receive a positional cue from thalamocortical axons.
Antagonistic signaling by the kinases PI3K and Itpkb limits the kinetics and enforces the Notch-dependence of beta-selection – the most important cell-fate determining process in alpha beta T cell development.
Barbora Malecova, Alessandra Dall'Agnese ... Pier Lorenzo Puri
Genetic and biochemical evidence shows that the basal transcription machinery of muscle cells invariably relies on TBP/TFIID because TBP2 is not expressed in muscle cells, and thus resolves a longstanding issue raised by previous conflicting data.
Thirumalini Vaithianathan, Diane Henry ... Gary Matthews
A combination of tethered diffusion of release-ready synaptic vesicles and vesicle-vesicle fusion supports neurotransmitter release at the presynaptic active zone of sensory synapses.
The structure of a bivalent double-knot tarantula toxin bound to the outer pore of the capsaicin receptor reveals a novel mode of toxin-channel recognition that has important implications for thermosensation.
Achim H Schwermann, Tomy dos Santos Rolo ... Thomas van de Kamp
X-ray imaging reveals well-preserved internal characters in mineralized arthropods from the Paleogene, urging the reexamination of previously neglected fossil collections.
The transcription factor Meis1 is a dedicated maintenance factor for sympathetic neurons and controls the expression of key genes involved in endosome trafficking.
Aberrant ERK/MAPK signaling in cortical pyramidal neurons leads to selective disruption of layer 5 circuit development and generalized changes in neuronal excitability.
Oliver Crawley, Consuelo Barroso ... Enrique Martinez-Perez
By specifically antagonizing binding of complexes carrying COH-3/4 kleisins, WAPL-1 regulates chromosome structure and cohesion throughout meiotic prophase.
Armaghan W Naik, Joshua D Kangas ... Robert F Murphy
In an investigation into the effects of drugs on proteins, an active machine learning algorithm chose which sets of experiments to perform and was able to learn an accurate model of the effects after doing only a fraction of the experiments.
Sean W Fanning, Christopher G Mayne ... Geoffrey L Greene
Two common mutant versions of estrogen receptor alpha achieve constitutive activity and hormone-resistance by preferentially adopting a suite of conformations that expose the coregulator-binding surface.
Deep sequencing of transcriptomes from closely related taxa shows that the whole genome can become subject to evolutionary testing within a short time frame via de novo evolution of genes.
The maternally provided histone demethylase LSD1/KDM1A has an instrumental role at the beginning of life, shaping the histone methylation landscape and the transcriptional repertoire of the early mouse embryo.
A lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) derived from fibroblastic reticular cells regulates T-cell movement through the densely packed reticular network in lymph nodes in a manner dependent on the LPA receptor LPA2-ROCK-myosin II.
Waves of polymerizing actin work in concert with microtubule polymerization to lay down more microtubules tracks and transiently increase microtubule-based transport into the growing neurite.
Correlated magnetic resonance imaging and ultramicroscopy resolves macro- and microvasculature in glioma models and allows treatment monitoring of antiangiogenic therapy.
Arzu Öztürk-Çolak, Bernard Moussian ... Jordi Casanova
Cell-cell junctions and the actin cytoskeleton are key players in the organisation and patterning of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on the apical side of tracheal cells.
Diana M Mitrea, Jaclyn A Cika ... Richard W Kriwacki
Nucleolar protein localization involves the phase separation within the nucleolar matrix via three types of multivalent features: acidic tracts, nucleic acid binding domains and arginine-rich low complexity sequences.
Declan G Lyons, Alexandre Parpaleix ... Serge Charpak
Two-photon phosphorescence lifetime microscopy reveals the physiological values of oxygen concentration and blood flow parameters in the brains of awake mice.
New methods reveal that complex local splicing variations are more prevalent in animals than previously appreciated, and demonstrate that local splicing variations are relevant for studies of development, gene regulation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Karen Featherstone, Kirsty Hey ... Julian RE Davis
Quantitative statistical modelling reveals local coordination of stochastic gene transcription dynamics in pituitary tissue, which is relevant for integrated tissue responses to physiological stimuli.
Ronald van den Berg, Kavitha Anandalingam ... Daniel M Wolpert
Initial confidence and choice in a decision, and their potential revision, arise from a common mechanism that challenges models that claim confidence and decision processes are dissociated.
