TY - JOUR TI - Chromatin is an ancient innovation conserved between Archaea and Eukarya AU - Ammar, Ron AU - Torti, Dax AU - Tsui, Kyle AU - Gebbia, Marinella AU - Durbic, Tanja AU - Bader, Gary D AU - Giaever, Guri AU - Nislow, Corey A2 - Reinberg, Danny VL - 1 PY - 2012 DA - 2012/12/13 SP - e00078 C1 - eLife 2012;1:e00078 DO - 10.7554/eLife.00078 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00078 AB - The eukaryotic nucleosome is the fundamental unit of chromatin, comprising a protein octamer that wraps ∼147 bp of DNA and has essential roles in DNA compaction, replication and gene expression. Nucleosomes and chromatin have historically been considered to be unique to eukaryotes, yet studies of select archaea have identified homologs of histone proteins that assemble into tetrameric nucleosomes. Here we report the first archaeal genome-wide nucleosome occupancy map, as observed in the halophile Haloferax volcanii. Nucleosome occupancy was compared with gene expression by compiling a comprehensive transcriptome of Hfx. volcanii. We found that archaeal transcripts possess hallmarks of eukaryotic chromatin structure: nucleosome-depleted regions at transcriptional start sites and conserved −1 and +1 promoter nucleosomes. Our observations demonstrate that histones and chromatin architecture evolved before the divergence of Archaea and Eukarya, suggesting that the fundamental role of chromatin in the regulation of gene expression is ancient. KW - Haloferax volcanii KW - Nucleosome KW - Chromatin KW - Transcriptome KW - RNA-seq KW - Archaea JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -