TY - JOUR TI - The evolution of drug resistance in clinical isolates of Candida albicans AU - Ford, Christopher B AU - Funt, Jason M AU - Abbey, Darren AU - Issi, Luca AU - Guiducci, Candace AU - Martinez, Diego A AU - Delorey, Toni AU - Li, Bi yu AU - White, Theodore C AU - Cuomo, Christina AU - Rao, Reeta P AU - Berman, Judith AU - Thompson, Dawn A AU - Regev, Aviv A2 - Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T VL - 4 PY - 2015 DA - 2015/02/03 SP - e00662 C1 - eLife 2015;4:e00662 DO - 10.7554/eLife.00662 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00662 AB - Candida albicans is both a member of the healthy human microbiome and a major pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. Infections are typically treated with azole inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis often leading to drug resistance. Studies in clinical isolates have implicated multiple mechanisms in resistance, but have focused on large-scale aberrations or candidate genes, and do not comprehensively chart the genetic basis of adaptation. Here, we leveraged next-generation sequencing to analyze 43 isolates from 11 oral candidiasis patients. We detected newly selected mutations, including single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), copy-number variations and loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) events. LOH events were commonly associated with acquired resistance, and SNPs in 240 genes may be related to host adaptation. Conversely, most aneuploidies were transient and did not correlate with drug resistance. Our analysis also shows that isolates also varied in adherence, filamentation, and virulence. Our work reveals new molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of drug resistance and host adaptation. KW - Candida albicans KW - drug resistance KW - evolution KW - genomic KW - virulence JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -