TY - JOUR TI - Dosage compensation can buffer copy-number variation in wild yeast AU - Hose, James AU - Yong, Chris Mun AU - Sardi, Maria AU - Wang, Zhishi AU - Newton, Michael A AU - Gasch, Audrey P A2 - Odom, Duncan T VL - 4 PY - 2015 DA - 2015/05/08 SP - e05462 C1 - eLife 2015;4:e05462 DO - 10.7554/eLife.05462 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05462 AB - Aneuploidy is linked to myriad diseases but also facilitates organismal evolution. It remains unclear how cells overcome the deleterious effects of aneuploidy until new phenotypes evolve. Although laboratory strains are extremely sensitive to aneuploidy, we show here that aneuploidy is common in wild yeast isolates, which show lower-than-expected expression at many amplified genes. We generated diploid strain panels in which cells carried two, three, or four copies of the affected chromosomes, to show that gene-dosage compensation functions at 10–30% of amplified genes. Genes subject to dosage compensation are under higher expression constraint in wild populations—but they show elevated rates of gene amplification, suggesting that copy-number variation is buffered at these genes. We find that aneuploidy provides a clear ecological advantage to oak strain YPS1009, by amplifying a causal gene that escapes dosage compensation. Our work presents a model in which dosage compensation buffers gene amplification through aneuploidy to provide a natural, but likely transient, route to rapid phenotypic evolution. KW - gene expression KW - aneuploidy KW - copy number variation KW - natural variation KW - stress resistance JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -