TY - JOUR TI - Self-establishing communities enable cooperative metabolite exchange in a eukaryote AU - Campbell, Kate AU - Vowinckel, Jakob AU - Mülleder, Michael AU - Malmsheimer, Silke AU - Lawrence, Nicola AU - Calvani, Enrica AU - Miller-Fleming, Leonor AU - Alam, Mohammad T AU - Christen, Stefan AU - Keller, Markus A AU - Ralser, Markus A2 - Balasubramanian, Mohan VL - 4 PY - 2015 DA - 2015/10/26 SP - e09943 C1 - eLife 2015;4:e09943 DO - 10.7554/eLife.09943 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09943 AB - Metabolite exchange among co-growing cells is frequent by nature, however, is not necessarily occurring at growth-relevant quantities indicative of non-cell-autonomous metabolic function. Complementary auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae amino acid and nucleotide metabolism regularly fail to compensate for each other's deficiencies upon co-culturing, a situation which implied the absence of growth-relevant metabolite exchange interactions. Contrastingly, we find that yeast colonies maintain a rich exometabolome and that cells prefer the uptake of extracellular metabolites over self-synthesis, indicators of ongoing metabolite exchange. We conceived a system that circumvents co-culturing and begins with a self-supporting cell that grows autonomously into a heterogeneous community, only able to survive by exchanging histidine, leucine, uracil, and methionine. Compensating for the progressive loss of prototrophy, self-establishing communities successfully obtained an auxotrophic composition in a nutrition-dependent manner, maintaining a wild-type like exometabolome, growth parameters, and cell viability. Yeast, as a eukaryotic model, thus possesses extensive capacity for growth-relevant metabolite exchange and readily cooperates in metabolism within progressively establishing communities. KW - metabolism KW - cooperativity KW - cellular heterogeneity JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -