(A, B) The fly central nervous system includes the brain, located in the fly’s head, and a ventral nerve cord (VNC), located in the fly’s thoracic cavity. These are connected by a population of …
Morphology of descending neurons identified in the present study. Neurons (black) and neuropil regions of the brain and VNC are shown (transparent). A total of 98 different cell types are shown. …
Morphology of identified DNs, group a, whose somata are clustered dorsally on the anterior surface of the brain. For Figure 2—figure supplements 1–13, images are masks for single DNs made from …
Morphology of identified DNs, group b, whose somata are clustered ventrally on the anterior surface of the brain.
Morphology of identified DNs, group c, whose somata are located in the pars intercerebralis.
Morphology of identified DNs, group d, whose somata are located in an outside cluster on the anterior surface of the brain.
Morphology of identified DNs, group p, whose somata are located on the posterior surface of the brain (1/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group p, whose somata are located on the posterior surface of the brain (2/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group p, whose somata are located on the posterior surface of the brain (3/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group p, whose somata are located on the posterior surface of the brain (4/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group g, whose somata are located on the gnathal ganglion (1/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group g, whose somata are located on the gnathal ganglion (2/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group g, whose somata are located on the gnathal ganglion (3/4).
Morphology of identified DNs, group g, whose somata are located on the gnathal ganglion (4/4).
Morphology of identified DN, group x, whose somata is located outside the brain.
(A) Three example morphologies of DNs that are uniquely identifiable (DNa05, DNp25 and DNp06). Maximum intensity projection images for brain (top) and VNC (bottom) are shown. (B) Three examples of …
(A) An example of the morphology of the DNg07 population. (B) Confocal image of brain innervation for the sample with six pairs of DNg07 type neurons. (C) Confocal image of brain innervation for the …
(A–D) Identified brain neuropils labeled with different colors superimposed on an aligned confocal image. Depth from the anterior surface is indicated in top-right of each image. The data is from …
(A–E) Isolated morphologies of wing muscle motor neurons for (A) steering muscle b1 (mnb1), (B) steering muscle b2 (putative), (C) a dorsoventral power muscle (DVM), as well as two wing neuropil …
(A–E) Isolated morphologies for motorneurons and interneurons innervating the lower tectulum, including two neurons postsynaptic to the giant fiber (the tergotrochanteral muscle motor neuron, TTMn (A…
(A) The morphology of DNp02. The DN neurites have a smooth appearance in the posterior ventral lateral protocerebrum (PVLP) and anterior mechanosensory motor center (AMMC), and varicose processes in …
DN innervation in the brain (A1–J1) and VNC (A2–J2) obtained with the multicolor flip-out technique, and the corresponding result of synaptotagmin labeling in the GNG (A3–J3). Ten examples of DNs …
The result of synaptotagmin labeling of split-GAL4 lines targeting four DN types with prominent varicose endings in the brain. Insets show magnification of regions indicated by orange dotted lines. …
(A–D) Morphology of DNc01 and c02. Whole morphology (A, C) and horizontal views of VNC (B, D) are shown. Both cell types have their cell body located in the pars intercerebralis, where Hsu and …
(A) Synaptotagmin labeling of DNp04 (green, membrane-bound GFP; magenta, synaptotagmin), shown as a maximum intensity projection of the whole morphology in the brain. Inset shows magnification of …
Images of the brain (A) and VNC (B) are shown.
Three samples are shown for DNp10 (SS01580), DNg07 (SS01074) and DNp01 (SS00727).
(A) The number of DNs innervating individual brain regions with smooth process (top) and varicose process (bottom). The inset is a heat map of DN innervation in the brain: sagittal and frontal views …
(A–C) The number of DN types innervating individual brain regions (A), tracts (B), and VNC regions (C) divided into ipsilateral- (green) and contralateral- (magenta) projecting DNs. (D) The number …
(A) Clustering of VNC neuropils based on patterns of innervation by each DN. Filled pixels indicate that we observed varicose processes in the neuropil represented by the corresponding row, for the …
(A–B) Morphology of DNd02. Whole cell morphology (A) and frontal sections of VNC (B) are shown. The cell body is located in the GNG and the axon descends ipsilaterally through tract DLV. d02 has …
(A) DNg17 has smooth process in the saddle and GNG, and varicose process in the GNG. The DN descends contralaterally in the neck connective and projects to both leg and wing neuropils. (B,C) …
(A) Morphology of DNg20. The DN has smooth processes in the saddle and GNG, and smooth and varicose processes in the GNG. The cell body is located on the GNG and the DN descends the contralateral …
(A) Lateral view of DNg28 morphology. The DN has smooth processes in the GNG, and varicose processes in the nerve fiber. The axon mainly runs through the dorsal surface of the VNC. (B) Four examples …
(A) Clustering of brain neuropils based on patterns of DN innervation. Both brain neuropils (rows) and DNs (columns) were sorted by hierarchical clustering based on Pearson’s correlation as a metric …
(A) Dendritic distribution of DNs grouped by output. Heat map colors indicate the number of DN types innervating each brain neuropil for different groups of DNs (A1–A8) defined by their projection …
In each row, a filled pixel indicates the presence of innervation by the corresponding DN in the corresponding CNS neuropil column. Smooth process in the brain and varicose endings in the VNC are …
In each row, a filled pixel indicates the presence of innervation by the corresponding DN in the corresponding CNS neuropil column. Smooth process in the brain and varicose endings in the VNC are …
(A) Location of the DN tracts. Horizontal view of the whole VNC (left) and frontal sections of each segment are shown (right). Each frontal plane corresponds to the depth shown in dotted lines in …
(A) Major DN types projecting to leg neuropils have different terminal patterns that segregate by descending tract. Horizontal (A1) and frontal (A2) views of overlaid aligned DNs running through …
(A) Morphologies of six DNs with axons in the oblique tract. (B–D) Merged horizontal (B), sagittal (C), and frontal (D) views of the six DNs shown in panel (A), showing overlap and formation of the …
(A) Leg motor neuron dendrites form a myotopic map in each leg neuropil. Dendritic regions for motor neurons corresponding to different leg segments are schematized as different colored regions, …
(A) Sagittal view of two example DN types targeting wing neuropil (blue dashed line) via the MTD tract. The axon of DNp03 (green) travels ventrally, with the volume of its major axon in the MTD. In …
(A,B) Confocal stacks of power muscle (green) and steering muscle (magenta) motor neurons (MNs). Horizontal (A) and frontal (B) views are shown. For each image, the depth of the horizontal plane is …
(A) Reconstructed morphology of four different DNs running through the dorsal route of the MTD shown with pseudo-color for depth. Cold and hot colors indicate the dorsal and ventral part of the wing …
(A) A matrix indicating DN innervation in the optic glomeruli. Neurite innervation in individual glomeruli was observed with a 63x objective. Black and gray pixel shading represent dense and sparse …
High-resolution (63x) confocal images of the 10 different DNs innervating the optic glomeruli in the PVLP. Neurite morphology in the brain is shown, as well as images at the depth of the optic …
High resolution (63x) confocal images of the six different DNs innervating the PLP optic glomeruli. Images as in Figure 10. The majority of these DNs (5 out of 6) descend contralaterally through the …
(A) Morphology of DNb05. (B) Segmentation of DNb05 on both sides of the CNS. The outer shapes of the brain and VNC are shown with gray. (C) Reconstruction of DN innervation in the antennal lobe. …
(A) The morphologies of DNs which have dendritic innervation to the LC4 glomerulus (‘LC4 DNs’). The maximum intensity projection of a confocal stack with 20x objective are shown. All DNs partially …
(A) Sagittal view schematic of brain and VNC illustrating the major descending pathways. Gross innervation areas of different DN types are shown with color. Inset shows number of each DN type …
(A) Morphology of DNs preferentially innervating anterior (DNg02, right) and posterior parts of the brain (DNg13, left). DNg02 projects to dorsal VNC, whereas DNg13 projects to ventral VNC. (B–C) …
Reagent type (species) or resource | Designation | Source or reference | Identifiers | Additional information |
---|---|---|---|---|
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT040698-x-VT025718 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02536 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa05 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT040698-x-VT028606 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01546 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa05, DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R31H10-x-VT040698 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01560 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT023490-x-R80H02 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02393 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa08 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R55D12-x-R72H04 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02370 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R55D12-x-VT063306 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02552 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT019391-x-VT028198 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01051 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb05 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R20C04-x-VT025999 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02631 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R59A06-x-R64B11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04161 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNc01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT012639-x-VT034795 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01570 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02, DNd03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT059225-x-VT057283 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02111 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT049363-x-VT057283 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01547 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT037583-x-R81C11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01579 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT037825-x-VT020379 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02538 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT059450-x-VT043626 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02285 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R38H06-x-VT018689 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01069 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg14 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R53D12-x-VT018689 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04158 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg14 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT020033-x-VT008483 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02279 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg17 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT020033-x-VT014208 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00898 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg17 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT039465-x-VT023750 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02625 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT048835-x-R24C07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01046 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp24 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT056582-x-R22D06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01052 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp25 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R21F01-x-R22D06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01059 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp25 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R27E07-x-VT014958 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01558 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg26 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R13D04-x-R65D05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01557 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg27 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R59F08-x-R47H03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04159 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg29 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT005005 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02548 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R61A01-x-R13B05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02378 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14H09-x-R61A01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02388 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14H09-x-R56H09 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01054 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R61A01-x-VT057280 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01077 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14H09-x-VT032228 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02316 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT042734 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02324 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-R89B01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01074 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT026005 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01597 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT059427 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02547 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R73A05-x-VT059427 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02554 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT037574 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02635 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07, DNg08 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R10A12-x-VT004455 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02299 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R94E01-x-VT031084 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01608 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R94E01-x-R48E11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02385 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT017683-x-VT031084 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01049 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT031084-x-R48E11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01580 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R69C11-x-R81D05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01078 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp20 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R17A04-x-R24A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01056 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R20C03-x-R23C07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01589 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R11H10-x-VT040348 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02618 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp29 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R29F12-x-R37G07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01596 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R60B12-x-R58E05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02387 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R84B12-x-VT048835 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01080 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT048835-x-VT017647 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01544 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04, DNp02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT017411-x-VT017647 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02292 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04, DNp06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT019018-x-VT017411 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02256 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT029814-x-VT047755 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02276 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT023490-x-R38F04 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01540 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp09 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT047755-x-VT025718 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02310 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting several types of DNa DNs |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R22C05-x-R56G08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00731 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R75C10-x-R87D07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00730 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT047755-x-R47D05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02384 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa04, DNa10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT061919-x-VT040698 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01552 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa05, DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT048835-x-VT017682 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01572 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa05, DNp11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT028606-x-R56G08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01541 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT028606-x-R87B09 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01542 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT028606-x-VT008675 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01571 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT013121-x-R45H03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02383 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT049749-x-VT013121 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02542 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R21F05-x-R93B10 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02396 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R59B10-x-R21F05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01600 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R21F05-x-R21H11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01060 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT027175-x-R83B06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02395 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNc02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT001615-x-VT043132 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01545 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT001615-x-VT026017 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01575 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT012639-x-VT045791 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01569 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02, DNd03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT001615-x-R70C05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01576 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02, DNd03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT049363-x-VT059225 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02278 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R81C11-x-R66B05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02391 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT037583-x-VT025598 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01550 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R66B05-x-R85H06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01566 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT037574-x-VT025598 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02617 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT025739-x-VT032280 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02609 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg12 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT025739-x-VT025999 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02608 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg12 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT027166-x-VT009857 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02259 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg13 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R88F03-x-VT009857 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01567 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg13 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT047747-x-VT037825 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02275 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R60B11-x-R83B04 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01565 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT043400-x-VT043662 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02377 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg15 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT043288-x-VT028153 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01543 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg16 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT023750-x-VT039465 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02624 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT042835 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02634 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-R65C10 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01073 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT011148 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01561 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14F03-x-R24C07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00732 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp24 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R64B03-x-R29G08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01602 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg25 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT057470-x-VT033947 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00923 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp27 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R10A07-x-VT057470 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02257 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp27 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R22H02-x-R20F03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01061 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg26 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R27E07-x-R14D01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01064 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg26 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R27E07-x-R20F03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01593 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg26 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R24F06-x-R45E06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01063 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R44A07-x-VT045150 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01564 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R47H03-x-R59F08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01075 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg29 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT044958 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02633 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14H09-x-R13B05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01588 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp26 |
genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT003476-x-R89A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01553 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp26 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R73A05-x-VT012287 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01604 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R14A01-x-R79H02 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00727 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R25C08-x-R68A06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00726 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT025392-x-VT057247 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02891 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R11E07-x-R77F05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01556 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp15 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R49A07-x-R55A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00735 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp16 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R67E08-x-VT025789 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02553 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp17 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT064490-x-R69C11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02392 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp18 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT063736-x-R24A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01053 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT063736-x-VT017647 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01554 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT025392-x-R15E12 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02379 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp02, DNp11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT025392-x-VT017647 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02534 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp02, DNp11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R58G11-x-R81D05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00729 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp20 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R20C05-x-R85H06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01057 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp20 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R20C03-x-R31B08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01590 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R11H10-x-VT033947 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01587 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp29 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R30C12-x-R22D06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01066 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R91C05-x-R31B08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01081 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R29F12-x-R88C07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01559 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R91C05-x-R37G07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02382 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R61H01-x-R82C10 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02394 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp32 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT032898-x-VT048835 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00934 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R50D07-x-R33H11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00725 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT019060-x-VT003280 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00865 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp05 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT019018-x-VT017647 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01047 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT047755-x-VT003280 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02612 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT029814-x-VT003280 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01549 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp07, DNp13 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT032900-x-VT043145 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01582 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT008142-x-VT046808 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01581 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp13, DNp30 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R24A03-x-R74C01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01062 | split-GAL4 driver line empty brain control |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R19G08-x-R47F01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04528 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting motor neuron b1 (mnb1), a VNC interneuron, with weak expression in DNg02 and possibly DNg06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R10A12-x-R81E05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00737 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp20, DNp22, motor neuron b2 (mnb2), and dorsoventral muscle motor neurons (DVM) |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R18A05-x-VT045791 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS31976 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting an interneuron |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT016973-x-VT002042 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02623 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting the tergotrochanteral muscle motor neuron (TTMn) |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT049105 | doi: 10.1101/198648 | flweb.janelia.org:VT049105 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting the peripherally synapsing interneuron (PSI) and other VNC interneurons |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT007170-x-VT041658 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02628 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting an interneuron |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R26E02-x-R81D05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01592 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp18, DNp22, and the motor neuron for wing steering muscle III1 (III1mn) |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R31B08-x-R24A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00724 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03, DNp28, DNp02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R25C08-x-R79H02 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00728 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R58E07-x-R39H12 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00733 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp31 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R73C04-x-R39H12 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00734 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb05 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R21A07-x-R72A01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00736 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa05 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R81D05-x-R81E05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS00738 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03, DNp18, DNp20, DNp22 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT040541-x-VT050661 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01048 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R21C05-x-R28E01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01058 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg09 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R30C01-x-R85H01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01065 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R31B08-x-R88C07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01067 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R32C05-x-R70C05 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01068 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNd02, DNd03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R38H06-x-R65D06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01070 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa10 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R40H12-x-R85H01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01071 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04, DNp20 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-R65C02 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01072 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg07 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R50D07-x-R74C01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01076 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT059450-x-VT037825 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01551 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R10A07-x-VT033947 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01555 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp27 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R91C05-x-R10A12 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01568 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp20 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT045148-x-VT045150 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01574 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT004985-x-VT017928 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01583 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp11, DNp28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT034258-x-R32B03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01584 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg15 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R10A07-x-R24D07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01585 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp27 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R29F12-x-R24A03 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01594 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp02, DNp03, DNp28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R29F12-x-R31B08 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01595 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp03 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R42B02-x-VT015782 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01598 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R47D05-x-R39H12 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01599 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa04 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R59B10-x-R21H11 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01601 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R72H09-x-VT037825 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01603 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R77H03-x-R74B04 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS01605 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNb01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT015782-x-VT061933 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02260 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg06 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT020379-x-VT043626 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02541 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R22C05-x-VT025718 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02545 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNa02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R81C11-x-VT025598 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02555 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg11 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT029814-x-VT008145 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02610 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp13 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R58E07-x-R30C01 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS02621 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNp31 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R38H06-x-R50B07 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04160 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg14 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R40F04-x-R83B06 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS04530 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNc01, DNc02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT042835-x-R65C10 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS05089 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | R44A07-x-VT062604 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS05099 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg28 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT023750-x-VT042835 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS05107 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT042835-x-VT023750 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS05116 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg02 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | VT042835-x-VT020379 | this paper | split_gal4.janelia.org:SS05122 | split-GAL4 driver line targeting DNg01 |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC51-3xUAS-Syt:: smGFP-HA in su(Hw)attPa | Aso et al., 2014 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC22-10XUAS- IVS-myr::tdTomato | Pfeiffer et al. 2010 | https://www.janelia.org/lab/rubin-lab/tools-reagents | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC93-13XLexAop2- IVS-Syn21-mPA-p10 (VK00005) | Pfeiffer et al. 2012 | https://www.janelia.org/lab/rubin-lab/tools-reagents | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | nsyb-LexAp65 (attP2)/ TM2 | Rubin, G. | Personal communicaiton | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | mPA-LexAop | Pfeiffer et al., 2012 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | tsh-LexA | Simpson, 2016 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | LexAop2-GAL80 | Pfeiffer, B. | http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0212441 | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC20-8XLexAop2- IVS-GAL80-WPRE (su(Hw)attP5) | Pfeiffer et al., 2010 | https://www.janelia.org/lab/rubin-lab/tools-reagents | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC28-10XUAS- IVS-GFP-p10(attP40) | von Reyn et al., 2014 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC200- 10XUASIVS- myr::smGFP-HA in attP18 | Aso et al., 2014 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC51-3xUAS | Aso et al., 2014 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | Syt::smGFP-HA in su(Hw) attP1 | Nern et al., 2015 | ||
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | pJFRC225-5xUAS-IVS- myr::smGFP-FLAG in VK00005 | Nern et al., 2015 | http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0228639.html | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | 20XUAS-CsChrimson- mVenus trafficked in attP18 | Klapoetke et al., 2014 | http://flybase.org/reports/FBrf0224686 | |
Genetic reagent (Drosophila melanogaster) | teashirt-GAL80 | Rubinstein et al., 2010 | ||
Antibody | nc82 supernatant | Mouse α-bruchpilot. | Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank. # nc82-s | https://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/Project%20Teams/Fly%20Light/FL%20Protocol%20-%20Adult%20IHC%20-%20Split%20Screen_1.pdf |
Antibody | rabbit polyclonal anti-GFP | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat #: A-11122; RRID: AB_221569 | |
Antibody | Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rabbit | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat #: A-11034; RRID: AB_2576217 | |
Antibody | Alexa Fluor 568 goat anti-mouse | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Cat #: A-11031; RRID: AB_144696 | |
Chemical compound, drug | paraformaldehyde | Electron Microscopy Sciences | 15713-S | https://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/Project%20Teams/Fly%20Light/FL%20Recipe%20-%20PFA_2.pdf |
Chemical compound, drug | Triton X-100 | Sigma Aldrich | X100 | https://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/Project%20Teams/Fly%20Light/FL%20Protocol%20-%20Adult%20IHC%20-%20Split%20Screen_1.pdf |
Chemical compound, drug | DPX Mountant | Electron Microscopy Sciences | #13512 | https://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/Project%20Teams/Fly%20Light/FL%20Protocol%20-%20DPX%20Mounting_0.pdf |
Chemical compound, drug | xylene | Fisher Scientific | x5-500 | https://www.janelia.org/sites/default/files/Project%20Teams/Fly%20Light/FL%20Protocol%20-%20DPX%20Mounting_0.pdf |
Morphological characteristics of identified descending neurons.
Column 1: DN cell type; column 2: maximum observed number of neurons in a cell type from a single preparation; column 3: maximum cell count for that type in a single sample; column 4: example Gen-1 GAL4 or split-GAL4 line with expression in the cell type; column 5: Y, yes, or N, no whether the cell type contains projections across the midline; column 6: indicates whether the axon traverses the cervical connective ipsilateral (I) or contralateral (C) to the cell body; columns under ‘Brain,’ ‘VNC,’ ‘Tract’: number indicates whether the cell type has neurites in the specified neuropil that are smooth (1), varicose (2), or both (3); 0 indicates the cell type has no innervation to the specified compartment; ‘Tract’ refers to the VNC tract traversed by the axon.
Descending neurons with similar morphology reported in Drosophila melanogaster and other species.
DN Split-GAL4 lines generated and used in this study.
‘Line name’ refers to the split-GAL4 stock number by which the line can be ordered. ‘Genotype stock name’ indicates which Gen1 parent lines were crossed to create the split line. ‘DN type’ indicates which DN cell type is targeted by the line. ‘Sample’ is the number of samples for which driver line expression was visualized (see Materials and methods). ‘Stochastic pattern’ is the number of samples that showed an expression patter deviant from the most common expression pattern observed. ‘bg’ indicates the approximate number of off-target cell types that also have expression using the driver line.
Interneuron and motor neuron split-GAL4 lines generated in this study.
More broadly expressing DN split-GAL4 lines made in this study.
These lines were not used in the present analysis. A rough quality score is provided for each line indicating it sparseness: Quality A, sparse lines without background expression; Quality B, lines with limited background expression or <5 off-target cell types; Quality C, lines with background expression.
Abbreviations used.