TY - JOUR TI - The cerebellum is involved in processing of predictions and prediction errors in a fear conditioning paradigm AU - Ernst, Thomas Michael AU - Brol, Anna Evelina AU - Gratz, Marcel AU - Ritter, Christoph AU - Bingel, Ulrike AU - Schlamann, Marc AU - Maderwald, Stefan AU - Quick, Harald H AU - Merz, Christian Josef AU - Timmann, Dagmar A2 - McDougle, Sam A2 - Ivry, Richard B A2 - Moberget, Torgeir A2 - King, Maedbh VL - 8 PY - 2019 DA - 2019/08/29 SP - e46831 C1 - eLife 2019;8:e46831 DO - 10.7554/eLife.46831 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.46831 AB - Prediction errors are thought to drive associative fear learning. Surprisingly little is known about the possible contribution of the cerebellum. To address this question, healthy participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm during 7T magnetic resonance imaging. An event-related design allowed us to separate cerebellar fMRI signals related to the visual conditioned stimulus (CS) from signals related to the subsequent unconditioned stimulus (US; an aversive electric shock). We found significant activation of cerebellar lobules Crus I and VI bilaterally related to the CS+ compared to the CS-. Most importantly, significant activation of lobules Crus I and VI was also present during the unexpected omission of the US in unreinforced CS+ acquisition trials. This activation disappeared during extinction when US omission became expected. These findings provide evidence that the cerebellum has to be added to the neural network processing predictions and prediction errors in the emotional domain. KW - emotions KW - extinction KW - fear KW - vermis KW - cerebellar hemisphere KW - aversive conditioning JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -