TY - JOUR TI - Predictors of SIV recrudescence following antiretroviral treatment interruption AU - Pinkevych, Mykola AU - Fennessey, Christine M AU - Cromer, Deborah AU - Reid, Carolyn AU - Trubey, Charles M AU - Lifson, Jeffrey D AU - Keele, Brandon F AU - Davenport, Miles P A2 - Ferguson, Neil M A2 - Kirchhoff, Frank A2 - Kirchhoff, Frank A2 - Mitchell Spivak, Adam VL - 8 PY - 2019 DA - 2019/10/25 SP - e49022 C1 - eLife 2019;8:e49022 DO - 10.7554/eLife.49022 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49022 AB - There is currently a need for proxy measures of the HIV rebound competent reservoir (RCR) that can predict viral rebound after combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) interruption. In this study, macaques infected with a barcoded SIVmac239 virus received cART beginning between 4- and 27 days post-infection, leading to the establishment of different levels of viral dissemination and persistence. Later treatment initiation led to higher SIV DNA levels maintained during treatment, which was significantly associated with an increased frequency of SIV reactivation and production of progeny capable of causing rebound viremia following treatment interruption. However, a 100-fold increase in SIV DNA in PBMCs was associated with only a 2-fold increase in the frequency of reactivation. These data suggest that the RCR can be established soon after infection, and that a large fraction of persistent viral DNA that accumulates after this time makes relatively little contribution to viral rebound. KW - HIV KW - latency KW - immunity JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -