TY - JOUR TI - Rhabdo-immunodeficiency virus, a murine model of acute HIV-1 infection AU - Liberatore, Rachel A AU - Mastrocola, Emily J AU - Cassella, Elena AU - Schmidt, Fabian AU - Willen, Jessie R AU - Voronin, Dennis AU - Zang, Trinity M AU - Hatziioannou, Theodora AU - Bieniasz, Paul D A2 - Kirchhoff, Frank A2 - Taniguchi, Tadatsugu A2 - Kirchhoff, Frank A2 - Johnson, Welkin E VL - 8 PY - 2019 DA - 2019/10/23 SP - e49875 C1 - eLife 2019;8:e49875 DO - 10.7554/eLife.49875 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49875 AB - Numerous challenges have impeded HIV-1 vaccine development. Among these is the lack of a convenient small animal model in which to study antibody elicitation and efficacy. We describe a chimeric Rhabdo-Immunodeficiency virus (RhIV) murine model that recapitulates key features of HIV-1 entry, tropism and antibody sensitivity. RhIVs are based on vesicular stomatitis viruses (VSV), but viral entry is mediated by HIV-1 Env proteins from diverse HIV-1 strains. RhIV infection of transgenic mice expressing human CD4 and CCR5, exclusively on mouse CD4+ cells, at levels mimicking those on human CD4+ T-cells, resulted in acute, resolving viremia and CD4+ T-cell depletion. RhIV infection elicited protective immunity, and antibodies to HIV-1 Env that were primarily non-neutralizing and had modest protective efficacy following passive transfer. The RhIV model enables the convenient in vivo study of HIV-1 Env-receptor interactions, antiviral activity of antibodies and humoral responses against HIV-1 Env, in a genetically manipulatable host. KW - HIV-1 KW - antibody KW - envelope KW - CD4 KW - CCR5 KW - neutralization JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -