TY - JOUR TI - Cohesin and condensin extrude DNA loops in a cell cycle-dependent manner AU - Golfier, Stefan AU - Quail, Thomas AU - Kimura, Hiroshi AU - Brugués, Jan A2 - Dekker, Job A2 - Struhl, Kevin A2 - Mirny, Leonid A A2 - Musacchio, Andrea A2 - Marko, John F VL - 9 PY - 2020 DA - 2020/05/12 SP - e53885 C1 - eLife 2020;9:e53885 DO - 10.7554/eLife.53885 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.53885 AB - Loop extrusion by structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) complexes has been proposed as a mechanism to organize chromatin in interphase and metaphase. However, the requirements for chromatin organization in these cell cycle phases are different, and it is unknown whether loop extrusion dynamics and the complexes that extrude DNA also differ. Here, we used Xenopus egg extracts to reconstitute and image loop extrusion of single DNA molecules during the cell cycle. We show that loops form in both metaphase and interphase, but with distinct dynamic properties. Condensin extrudes DNA loops non-symmetrically in metaphase, whereas cohesin extrudes loops symmetrically in interphase. Our data show that loop extrusion is a general mechanism underlying DNA organization, with dynamic and structural properties that are biochemically regulated during the cell cycle. KW - loop extrusion KW - SMC KW - cohesin KW - condensin KW - single molecule KW - cell cycle JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -