TY - JOUR TI - Genomic innovation of ATD alleviates mistranslation associated with multicellularity in Animalia AU - Kuncha, Santosh Kumar AU - Venkadasamy, Vinitha Lakshmi AU - Amudhan, Gurumoorthy AU - Dahate, Priyanka AU - Kola, Sankara Rao AU - Pottabathini, Sambhavi AU - Kruparani, Shobha P AU - Shekar, P Chandra AU - Sankaranarayanan, Rajan A2 - Manley, James L A2 - Hinnebusch, Alan G A2 - Ibba, Michael A2 - Francklyn, Christopher VL - 9 PY - 2020 DA - 2020/05/28 SP - e58118 C1 - eLife 2020;9:e58118 DO - 10.7554/eLife.58118 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.58118 AB - The emergence of multicellularity in Animalia is associated with increase in ROS and expansion of tRNA-isodecoders. tRNA expansion leads to misselection resulting in a critical error of L-Ala mischarged onto tRNAThr, which is proofread by Animalia-specific-tRNA Deacylase (ATD) in vitro. Here we show that in addition to ATD, threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThrRS) can clear the error in cellular scenario. This two-tier functional redundancy for translation quality control breaks down during oxidative stress, wherein ThrRS is rendered inactive. Therefore, ATD knockout cells display pronounced sensitivity through increased mistranslation of threonine codons leading to cell death. Strikingly, we identify the emergence of ATD along with the error inducing tRNA species starting from Choanoflagellates thus uncovering an important genomic innovation required for multicellularity that occurred in unicellular ancestors of animals. The study further provides a plausible regulatory mechanism wherein the cellular fate of tRNAs can be switched from protein biosynthesis to non-canonical functions. KW - tRNA Isodecoder KW - proteostasis KW - translation KW - proofreading KW - multicellularity KW - Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -