TY - JOUR TI - Phenotypic analysis of the unstimulated in vivo HIV CD4 T cell reservoir AU - Neidleman, Jason AU - Luo, Xiaoyu AU - Frouard, Julie AU - Xie, Guorui AU - Hsiao, Feng AU - Ma, Tongcui AU - Morcilla, Vincent AU - Lee, Ashley AU - Telwatte, Sushama AU - Thomas, Reuben AU - Tamaki, Whitney AU - Wheeler, Benjamin AU - Hoh, Rebecca AU - Somsouk, Ma AU - Vohra, Poonam AU - Milush, Jeffrey AU - James, Katherine Sholtis AU - Archin, Nancie M AU - Hunt, Peter W AU - Deeks, Steven G AU - Yukl, Steven A AU - Palmer, Sarah AU - Greene, Warner C AU - Roan, Nadia R A2 - Overbaugh, Julie A2 - Rath, Satyajit A2 - Blish, Catherine A2 - Gianella, Sara VL - 9 PY - 2020 DA - 2020/09/29 SP - e60933 C1 - eLife 2020;9:e60933 DO - 10.7554/eLife.60933 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.60933 AB - The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV cure. As latently infected cells cannot be phenotyped directly, the features of the in vivo reservoir have remained elusive. Here, we describe a method that leverages high-dimensional phenotyping using CyTOF to trace latently infected cells reactivated ex vivo to their original pre-activation states. Our results suggest that, contrary to common assumptions, the reservoir is not randomly distributed among cell subsets, and is remarkably conserved between individuals. However, reservoir composition differs between tissues and blood, as do cells successfully reactivated by different latency reversing agents. By selecting 8–10 of our 39 original CyTOF markers, we were able to isolate highly purified populations of unstimulated in vivo latent cells. These purified populations were highly enriched for replication-competent and intact provirus, transcribed HIV, and displayed clonal expansion. The ability to isolate unstimulated latent cells from infected individuals enables previously impossible studies on HIV persistence. KW - HIV KW - replication-competent reservoir KW - tissues KW - CyTOF KW - clonal expansion JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -