TY - JOUR TI - The interplay between asymmetric and symmetric DNA loop extrusion AU - Banigan, Edward J AU - Mirny, Leonid A A2 - Marston, Adèle L A2 - Struhl, Kevin A2 - Swygert, Sarah A2 - Brugués, Jan VL - 9 PY - 2020 DA - 2020/12/09 SP - e63528 C1 - eLife 2020;9:e63528 DO - 10.7554/eLife.63528 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63528 AB - Chromosome compaction is essential for reliable transmission of genetic information. Experiments suggest that ∼1000-fold compaction is driven by condensin complexes that extrude chromatin loops, by progressively collecting chromatin fiber from one or both sides of the complex to form a growing loop. Theory indicates that symmetric two-sided loop extrusion can achieve such compaction, but recent single-molecule studies (Golfier et al., 2020) observed diverse dynamics of condensins that perform one-sided, symmetric two-sided, and asymmetric two-sided extrusion. We use simulations and theory to determine how these molecular properties lead to chromosome compaction. High compaction can be achieved if even a small fraction of condensins have two essential properties: a long residence time and the ability to perform two-sided (not necessarily symmetric) extrusion. In mixtures of condensins I and II, coupling two-sided extrusion and stable chromatin binding by condensin II promotes compaction. These results provide missing connections between single-molecule observations and chromosome-scale organization. KW - condensin KW - SMC complexes KW - chromosome compaction KW - mitosis KW - loop extrusion KW - simulation JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -