TY - JOUR TI - Evolution of irreversible somatic differentiation AU - Gao, Yuanxiao AU - Park, Hye Jin AU - Traulsen, Arne AU - Pichugin, Yuriy A2 - Walczak, Aleksandra M A2 - Erten, E Yagmur A2 - Cooper, Guy A2 - Constable, George VL - 10 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/10/13 SP - e66711 C1 - eLife 2021;10:e66711 DO - 10.7554/eLife.66711 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.66711 AB - A key innovation emerging in complex animals is irreversible somatic differentiation: daughters of a vegetative cell perform a vegetative function as well, thus, forming a somatic lineage that can no longer be directly involved in reproduction. Primitive species use a different strategy: vegetative and reproductive tasks are separated in time rather than in space. Starting from such a strategy, how is it possible to evolve life forms which use some of their cells exclusively for vegetative functions? Here, we develop an evolutionary model of development of a simple multicellular organism and find that three components are necessary for the evolution of irreversible somatic differentiation: (i) costly cell differentiation, (ii) vegetative cells that significantly improve the organism’s performance even if present in small numbers, and (iii) large enough organism size. Our findings demonstrate how an egalitarian development typical for loose cell colonies can evolve into germ-soma differentiation dominating metazoans. KW - life cycles evolution KW - evolution of complexity KW - major transitions in evolution JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -