TY - JOUR TI - Dopamine enhances model-free credit assignment through boosting of retrospective model-based inference AU - Deserno, Lorenz AU - Moran, Rani AU - Michely, Jochen AU - Lee, Ying AU - Dayan, Peter AU - Dolan, Raymond J A2 - Kahnt, Thorsten A2 - Büchel, Christian A2 - Cools, Roshan VL - 10 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/12/09 SP - e67778 C1 - eLife 2021;10:e67778 DO - 10.7554/eLife.67778 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.67778 AB - Dopamine is implicated in representing model-free (MF) reward prediction errors a as well as influencing model-based (MB) credit assignment and choice. Putative cooperative interactions between MB and MF systems include a guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference. Here, we used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design to test an hypothesis that enhancing dopamine levels boosts the guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference. In line with this, we found that levodopa enhanced guidance of MF credit assignment by MB inference, without impacting MF and MB influences directly. This drug effect correlated negatively with a dopamine-dependent change in purely MB credit assignment, possibly reflecting a trade-off between these two MB components of behavioural control. Our findings of a dopamine boost in MB inference guidance of MF learning highlight a novel DA influence on MB-MF cooperative interactions. KW - dopamine KW - reinforcement learning KW - model-free/model-based JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -