TY - JOUR TI - Spatially bivariate EEG-neurofeedback can manipulate interhemispheric inhibition AU - Hayashi, Masaaki AU - Okuyama, Kohei AU - Mizuguchi, Nobuaki AU - Hirose, Ryotaro AU - Okamoto, Taisuke AU - Kawakami, Michiyuki AU - Ushiba, Junichi A2 - Wenderoth, Nicole A2 - Ivry, Richard B A2 - Wenderoth, Nicole A2 - Ros, Tomas VL - 11 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/07/07 SP - e76411 C1 - eLife 2022;11:e76411 DO - 10.7554/eLife.76411 UR - https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.76411 AB - Human behavior requires inter-regional crosstalk to employ the sensorimotor processes in the brain. Although external neuromodulation techniques have been used to manipulate interhemispheric sensorimotor activity, a central controversy concerns whether this activity can be volitionally controlled. Experimental tools lack the power to up- or down-regulate the state of the targeted hemisphere over a large dynamic range and, therefore, cannot evaluate the possible volitional control of the activity. We addressed this difficulty by using the recently developed method of spatially bivariate electroencephalography (EEG)-neurofeedback to systematically enable the participants to modulate their bilateral sensorimotor activities. Here, we report that participants learn to up- and down-regulate the ipsilateral excitability to the imagined hand while maintaining constant contralateral excitability; this modulates the magnitude of interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) assessed by the paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigm. Further physiological analyses revealed that the manipulation capability of IHI magnitude reflected interhemispheric connectivity in EEG and TMS, which was accompanied by intrinsic bilateral cortical oscillatory activities. Our results show an interesting approach for neuromodulation, which might identify new treatment opportunities, e.g., in patients suffering from a stroke. KW - interhemispheric inhibition KW - brain-computer interface KW - neurofeedback KW - neural manipulation KW - inhibitory sensorimotor processes JF - eLife SN - 2050-084X PB - eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd ER -