Sex steroids regulate skin pigmentation through nonclassical membrane-bound receptors
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
- University of Pennsylvania, United States
Abstract
The association between pregnancy and altered cutaneous pigmentation has been documented for over two millennia, suggesting that sex hormones play a role in regulating epidermal melanocyte (MC) homeostasis. Here we show that physiologic estrogen (17β-estradiol) and progesterone reciprocally regulate melanin synthesis. This is intriguing given that we also show that normal primary human MCs lack classical estrogen or progesterone receptors (ER or PR). Utilizing both genetic and pharmacologic approaches, we establish that sex steroid effects on human pigment synthesis are mediated by the membrane-bound, steroid hormone receptors G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), and progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7). Activity of these receptors was activated or inhibited by synthetic estrogen or progesterone analogs that do not bind to ER or PR. As safe and effective treatment options for skin pigmentation disorders are limited, these specific GPER and PAQR7 ligands may represent a novel class of therapeutics.
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Author details
Reviewing Editor
- Marianne E Bronner, California Institute of Technology, United States
Ethics
Animal experimentation: This study was performed in strict accordance with the recommendations in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. All of the animals were handled according to approved institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) protocol (#803381) of the University of Pennsylvania.
Version history
- Received: February 9, 2016
- Accepted: April 11, 2016
- Accepted Manuscript published: April 26, 2016 (version 1)
- Version of Record published: May 11, 2016 (version 2)
Copyright
© 2016, Natale et al.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License permitting unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
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Sex steroids regulate skin pigmentation through nonclassical membrane-bound receptors
eLife 5:e15104.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.15104
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