The secondary motor cortex causally contributes to flexible action selection during stimulus categorization with the representations of upcoming choice and sensory history regulated by the demand to remap stimulus–action association.

People compete by trying to outsmart their opponents as long as they win, but show random behavior, and neural signs of suppressing knowledge about opponents’ strategies, when they lose.

Experimental data and computational simulations reveal a new functional model, that is 'Triple-control' for the basal ganglia pathways in action selection.

Prior expectations about the state of the sensory environment are dynamically updated in a context-dependent manner and selectively bias the build-up of human motor cortical activity during subsequent decisions.

A machine learning method for action detection is developed and applied toward mouse grooming behavior.

Whenever monkeys are required to choose between multiple options, neural responses indicate that they first select the desired outcome and then use this information to guide their actions.

Output neurons in the mushroom body of the fruit fly brain encode the positive or negative survival value of stimuli, enabling insects to choose adaptive approach and avoidance behaviors through associative learning.

Electron-microscopy reconstruction and experimental investigation in Drosophila reveal how adaptive action emerges from the multi-level interactions between the output of the olfactory memory center and the innate olfactory pathway.

An analysis of the first complete synaptic resolution connectome of Drosophila's navigation circuit uncovers neural network motifs supporting broadly relevant sensorimotor computations.

Activity in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus reflects the choices and outcomes of previous trials in a decision making task, and affects upcoming choices.