2,089 results found
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Quantifying antibiotic impact on within-patient dynamics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance

    Rene Niehus, Esther van Kleef ... Ben S Cooper
    A data-driven within-host model reveals that different antibiotics are associated with divergent effects on antibiotic resistance carriage and abundance in hospitalised patients, with important implications for antibiotic stewardship.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Evolutionary stability of collateral sensitivity to antibiotics in the model pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    Camilo Barbosa, Roderich Römhild ... Hinrich Schulenburg
    Evolutionary trade-offs enhance efficacy of antibiotic therapy by constraining bacterial adaptation in dependence of drug order and trade-off effect size.
    1. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Antibiotic-induced changes in the microbiota disrupt redox dynamics in the gut

    Aspen T Reese, Eugenia H Cho ... Lawrence A David
    Disturbing the microbiota with antibiotics alters gut redox state via changes in electron acceptor availability, setting the stage for post-antibiotic succession.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The distribution of antibiotic use and its association with antibiotic resistance

    Scott W Olesen, Michael L Barnett ... Yonatan H Grad
    Population-level antibiotic resistance correlates with the breadth of antibiotic use, that is, the proportion of people taking an antibiotic, better than with intensity of use the amount of use among users.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Rapid decline of bacterial drug-resistance in an antibiotic-free environment through phenotypic reversion

    Anett Dunai, Réka Spohn ... Csaba Pál
    Drug-resistance declines in the laboratory in an antibiotic stress-free environment, indicating that restricting antimicrobial usage in the clinics could be a useful policy.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The antibiotic bedaquiline activates host macrophage innate immune resistance to bacterial infection

    Alexandre Giraud-Gatineau, Juan Manuel Coya ... Ludovic Tailleux
    The anti-tuberculosis drug bedaquiline reprograms human macrophages into potent bactericidal phagocytes, which are able to control bacterial infection.
    1. Epidemiology and Global Health
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Stable antibiotic resistance and rapid human adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA

    Marta Matuszewska, Gemma GR Murray ... Lucy A Weinert
    The dominant MRSA circulating in European livestock has stably maintained genes associated with resistance to antibiotic treatments over several decades and when it is transmitted to humans it can rapidly acquire genes that allow it to evade human immune responses.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    An adjunctive therapy administered with an antibiotic prevents enrichment of antibiotic-resistant clones of a colonizing opportunistic pathogen

    Valerie J Morley, Clare L Kinnear ... Andrew F Read
    Cholestyramine, an FDA-approved bile acid sequestrant, can be repurposed to inactivate the antibiotic daptomycin in the gut, which prevents the emergence of transmissible antibiotic resistance in gastrointestinal Enterococcus faecium populations.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Antibiotic-induced acceleration of type 1 diabetes alters maturation of innate intestinal immunity

    Xue-Song Zhang, Jackie Li ... Martin J Blaser
    Alteration of host gut microbiota by antibiotic exposure in early life remodeled host intestinal immune development and metabolism and enhanced the induction of type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed animals.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance are dependent upon environmental structure and bacterial lifestyle

    Alfonso Santos-Lopez, Christopher W Marshall ... Vaughn S Cooper
    Bacteria growing in biofilms evolve antimicrobial resistance via different pathways and generate greater genetic diversity than well-mixed populations, selecting fitter but less resistant genotypes.

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