Proteins for bacterial flagella biogenesis contain two discrete export signals, recognised sequentially by the flagellar Type III Secretion System to facilitate initial docking and subsequent opening of the export gate.

AatD is a novel acyltransferase that mediates N-palmitoylation of glycine, a process not previously described, that results in the secretion of lipoproteins to the bacterial cell surface.

Electron cryo-tomography reveals a huge conformational change in the secretin domain of the type IV pilus machinery that occurs when the channel opens for pilus extrusion.

Time-lapse imaging and the modular recreation of host physiology reveal that alveolar epithelial cells, potential permissive infection sites for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can restrict early bacterial growth via surfactant secretion.

The Helicobacter pylori Cag T4SS has unique structural features, including unexpected symmetry mismatch between sub-complexes, with implications for protein secretion.

The basal body of the type-III secretion system of Yersinia enterocolitica within bacterial membranes shows elasticity and is longer than related isolated systems.

The induction of ISG15 during bacterial infection can be independent of Type I Interferons and leads to an increase in the secretion of cytokines known to be critical for bacterial clearance.

A novel component of type III protein secretion systems involved in the assembly of the secretion machine is reported.

Bacteria invade living fungal cells using secreted chitinolytic enzymes that allow for a traceless entry, as shown by microscopic snapshots.

Biochemical analyses and the crystal structure of TtsA reveal fundamental insight into the mechanisms by which this muramidase recognizes its peptidoglycan substrate to facilitate typhoid toxin secretion.