A modified viral strategy reveals that ventral tegmental area dopamine cells receive substantial inputs from local sources, including distributed GABAergic and serotonergic inputs from the midbrain as well as extensive inputs from other midbrain dopamine cells.

After insemination, honeybee queens experience a rapid reduction in vision and flight performance, consistent with an ongoing sexual conflict over the number of mating flights that queens embark on.

Prairie and meadow voles show striking sex and species differences in social motivation to access conspecifics of different types (familiar versus unfamiliar and same-sex versus opposite-sex).

A new multistep hierarchical cascade controls activation of an integrative and conjugative element in a small subpopulation of cells in its bacterial host, yielding proficient DNA transferring cells.

Microbial populations are continuous along the gastrointestinal tract, with increased transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Sex-inclusive research practices have increased in many biological disciplines over the past decade, yet critical sex-based analyses and reporting have remained stagnant in most of these disciplines.

The metalloprotease ADAM10 modulates axon and synapse function by cleaving numerous synaptic and axonal membrane proteins in the central nervous system.

Interventions in feedlots and abattoirs place selective pressure on the beef cattle resistome, which differentially impacts the public health risk of antimicrobial resistance from beef production sources.

Parvalbumin-containing inhibitory neurons are crucial for expression of plasticity in adult visual cortex that supports visual recognition memory, but not for expression of ocular dominance plasticity that results from monocular deprivation.

A robust mouse multi-tissue age predictor is presented that can be used to assess the DNA methylation age of mouse tissues and test the effects of longevity interventions.