New stimulus-dependencies of choice-related signals in sensory neurons uncovered by new analytical results and methods.

Activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex encodes relative subjective value in a common neural code across decision-making for self and other and across tasks with divergent cognitive requirements.

Competition between neurons on the left and right sides of the brain drives the decision to turn left versus right in zebrafish, and potentially all vertebrates.

A computational model of decision making suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex's role in self-control is more associated with evidence accumulation processes than with inhibition or modulation of value.

Dopamine attenuates exploration during decision-making via a reduction of neural tracking of uncertainty.

Regulatory success operates by goal-consistent increases and decreases of distinct attribute representations in generic neural hubs and in domain-specific brain regions, explaining when and why regulatory success generalizes across domains and contexts.

Speeded value-based decisions between two options can be affected by a third, high-value distractor that captures attention and slows down the choice process.

Model-based analyses of choice behavior and fMRI activity revealed that prior preferences generate default policies, which frame the decision value signal encoded in the vmPFC, and shift vmPFC pre-choice activity so as to induce a decision bias toward default options.

Neurons in the OFC signal expected reward specifically when this information is used for learning rather than for choosing, and silencing these neurons impairs use of this information to learn.

In monkeys, the integrity of the magnocellular subdivision of mediodorsal thalamus is important when using recent rewarded choices to promote persistence with a recently sampled choice during changing or uncertain reward guided-learning and decision-making tasks.