Larger phylogenetic context is required to understand human and nonhuman primate brain evolution.

In teleost fishes, the independent evolution of electrosensory systems was repeatedly associated with evolutionary changes in brain region scaling that were independent of changes in brain–body allometry.

A neuroanatomical analysis of Rimicaris exoculata provides insights into these animal’s brain architecture to illustrate possible adaptations to the hydrothermal vent habitat with its extreme physicochemical conditions.

The exceptionally large size of the human brain is the result of accelerating evolution towards larger brains in hominins, but is not the product of neocortical expansion.

Genetic analyses reveal that neuroanatomical areas that are developmentally related co-evolve with one another.

A new resource of transgenic zebrafish lines facilitates precise targeting of neuronal cell-types within the brain, supported by online software for visualizing transgene expression patterns.

Rumation of anurans covaried negatively with brain size but positively with reproductive investment, likely in response to brumation-dependent changes in the socio-ecological context and associated selection on different tissues.

Human brains evolved to have neural dynamics that facilitate brain-wide integration supporting complex behavior.

More integrated brains in crown birds evolved through a mosaic assembly of new evolutionary and developmental dynamics across neuroanatomical regions that occurred along the dinosaur-bird transition.

Advanced genetics and imaging reveal wiring logic underlying the olfactory map organization in the developing fruit fly brain, and strategies employed by projection neurons to target dendrites to specific locations in a timely manner.