A new open-source computational toolbox for processing in vivo microendoscopic calcium imaging data performs signal demixing and denoising much more accurately than previously available methods, significantly improving the utility of this imaging modality.

An inference paradigm for extracting neuronal correlations from two-photon imaging data, without requiring intermediate spike deconvolution, provides significant performance gains over existing methods as demonstrated by theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and real-data applications.

Sensory-driven calcium spikes in Purkinje cells are not binary; instead, they are graded and can provide information about the strength of a periocular airpuff stimulus known to drive learning.

NG2 glial cells respond to synaptic input with calcium signals in the absence of action potentials and process synaptic depolarizations with somatic and dendritic voltage gated channels.

The calcium-dependent signaling pathway during ABA-dependent stomatal closure requires the calcium-independent pathway, and calcium signaling specificity is mediated by PP2C protein phosphatases.

A distinct neural network, including the nucleus accumbens as a central hub, is active when rats are exposed to trapped ingroup members they had previously helped escape a trap, but not for outgroup members who had not been helped.

Astrocyte signaling can activate the firing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons and stimulate hormone release.

Calcium-calcineurin signaling cascade drives the acquisition of both the phenotype of the most self-reactive naive CD4 T cells and their enhanced cell-intrinsic ability to commit into induced regulatory T cells upon activation.

Deep penetration and transmission of mechanical force to regulate ER functions depends on not only the passive cytoskeletal support, but also the active actomyosin contractility, which is dispensable for mechanotransduction at the plasma membrane.

Prostaglandin E₂-mediated radial spread of PKA activation, caused by calcium transients, is a novel mode of intercellular communication in living mice.