The discovery of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons projecting from mouse cortex to striatum shows that corticostriatal pathways are not exclusively excitatory.

Major neuronal subtypes in M1 show differential responses to reward and reward-associated stimuli and undergo cell-type-specific plasticity following associative learning.

Hierarchical information flow in a cortico-limbic loop between the insular cortex, central amygdala and the cholinergic basal forebrain links bodily states with environmental stimuli to guide fear and reward behavior.

SOM⁺ GABAergic neuronal signaling and inhibitory transmission in the central lateral amygdala is regulated by TMEM16B, which is also involved in fear and anxiety-like behaviors.

Most ChAT-expressing interneurons are a subset VIP+ interneurons that differentially release GABA and acetylcholine onto different post-synaptic targets, while a separate population of non-VIP ChAT+ neurons release acetylcholine in mPFC.

Amygdala input to ventral hippocampus is both excitatory and inhibitory, and the balance of these two projections controls the formation of place preference via differential innervation of each hippocampal output population.

Input from the ventral hippocampus to the medial prefrontal cortex regulates social memory in wild type mice and atypically-strengthened input causes social memory dysfunction in Rett syndrome mice.

Endocannabinoids modulate ventral hippocampal inputs to the infralimbic prefrontal cortex by dampening feed-forward inhibition mediated by cholecystokinin-expressing (CCK+) interneurons onto layer 5 intratelencephalic (IT) cells.

Glutamate cotransmission from a subset of cortical GABAergic interneurons can promote network hyperexcitability.