The S-phase checkpoint has roles in all phases of the cell cycle, which has implications for the majority of cancers that lack cell cycle controls.

Observational field analyses demonstrate that within a species, variation in animal weapon size corresponds to individual differences in the costs and benefits of weaponry.

A dual role of immune cells was found in ALS prognosis, where neutrophils and monocytes primarily reflect functional status whereas NK cells and different T lymphocyte populations act as prognostic markers for survival.

Chromatin remodelling is a key bottleneck to DNA end resection, the first and committed step of homologous recombination.

Phylogenomics provides support for the Gram-positive type of bacterial cell envelope being a derived character that arose independently multiple times through loss of an ancestral outer membrane.

Shearing in fluid flow induces or enhances budding dispersal in microbial populations, resulting in stronger cooperative behavior.

Plasmodium falciparum aminopeptidase PfA-M17 is essential to parasite survival and plays a role in hemoglobin digestion, providing a rationale for further development of inhibitors against this enzyme.

The structure of receptor-ligand complex reveals the ligand binding selectivity among different dopamine receptor subtypes and also shows how this ligand class inhibits receptor activity.

Dynein bypasses obstacles on microtubules more efficiently than single kinesin, and kinesins overcome this limitation when transporting intracellular cargos in teams.

An atmospheric trigger, the respirable particulate matter boost microglia pathogenic activities in the context of CNS demyelination by activating TLR-4/NF-kB signaling axis in animal models of immune- and toxicity-induced demyelination, as well as myelinogenesis during postnatal development.