C. elegans equalizes the expression of X-chromosome genes between the sexes by reducing the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to promoters of X-linked genes in hermaphrodites, using a chromosome-restructuring complex called condensin.

Gene regulatory elements can target a chromatin regulatory complex to a single chromosome in the genome through hierarchical specification and long distance cooperation.

Dosage-compensated gene expression facilitates chromosomal aneuploidy, which presents a rapid route to phenotypic evolution in natural yeast isolates.

Dosage compensation does not take place in wild yeast strains.

Many natural isolates of budding yeast carry extra chromosome copies and show lower-than-expected expression at a subset of amplified genes, which show unique evolutionary signatures.

A chromosome-wide mechanism balances X-linked gene expression between the sexes in C. elegans, but no similar chromosome-wide mechanism balances gene expression between X chromosomes and autosomes.

Regulatory hierarchies controlling sex determination and X-chromosome dosage compensation between closely-related nematode species are conserved, but X-chromosome target specificity for the condensin dosage compensation complex has diverged, thereby contributing to reproductive isolation.

For the first time in a mosquito species an initial Y chromosome signal has been shown to regulate dosage compensation by increasing X chromosome gene expression.

An analysis of gene dosage at the DNA, RNA and protein level yields new insights into the early stages of Z-chromosome dosage compensation in schistosome parasites.