432 results found
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Spen links RNA-mediated endogenous retrovirus silencing and X chromosome inactivation

    Ava C Carter, Jin Xu ... Howard Y Chang
    A long noncoding RNA uses viral mimicry to achieve developmental gene silencing across a chromosome.
    1. Genetics and Genomics

    Mosaic cis-regulatory evolution drives transcriptional partitioning of HERVH endogenous retrovirus in the human embryo

    Thomas A Carter, Manvendra Singh ... Cédric Feschotte
    A 'phyloregulatory' approach reveals how human endogenous retrovirus type-H, a family of human endogenous retroviruses, diversified its regulatory sequences through multiple mutational mechanisms to partition its transcriptional activity spatially and temporally within the human embryo.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Co-option of an endogenous retrovirus envelope for host defense in hominid ancestors

    Daniel Blanco-Melo, Robert J Gifford, Paul D Bieniasz
    The reconstitution of a functional envelope protein from an extinct hominid retrovirus reveals its receptor and an ancient host defense that may have led to the extinction of the virus.
    1. Developmental Biology

    Stella modulates transcriptional and endogenous retrovirus programs during maternal-to-zygotic transition

    Yun Huang, Jong Kyoung Kim ... M Azim Surani
    Soon after fertilisation, a critical portion of the embryonic genome is switched on through the actions of maternally inherited Stella, in part through controlling the activation of transposable elements.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Tracking interspecies transmission and long-term evolution of an ancient retrovirus using the genomes of modern mammals

    William E Diehl, Nirali Patel ... Welkin E Johnson
    Endogenous virus sequences in the genomes of modern mammals reveal the global spread of an ancient virus lineage, including frequent interspecies transmission, adaptation, and emergence spanning several million years of mammalian evolution
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    A spontaneous genetically induced epiallele at a retrotransposon shapes host genome function

    Tessa M Bertozzi, Nozomi Takahashi ... Anne C Ferguson-Smith
    A retrotransposon-derived recombination event in inbred mice gives rise to an epiallele and tissue-specific phenotypes.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Virology: Pushing the envelope

    Julia H Wildschutte, John M Coffin
    Primates have co-opted a viral gene to produce an envelope protein that prevents infection by the HERV-T virus and likely contributed to the extinction of this virus.
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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    Retrocopying expands the functional repertoire of APOBEC3 antiviral proteins in primates

    Lei Yang, Michael Emerman ... Richard N McLaughlin Jnr
    Genomes take advantage of the gene-duplicating ability of retroelements to birth novel innate immune defense genes.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Systematic perturbation of retroviral LTRs reveals widespread long-range effects on human gene regulation

    Daniel R Fuentes, Tomek Swigut, Joanna Wysocka
    A new approach combines guide RNA multiplexing with CRISPR activation and interference to facilitate functional studies of transposable elements present in hundreds of copies throughout the human genome.
    1. Immunology and Inflammation
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    The infection-tolerant white-footed deermouse tempers interferon responses to endotoxin in comparison to the mouse and rat

    Ana Milovic, Jonathan V Duong, Alan G Barbour
    Comparing the white-footed deermouse with mice and rats in an inflammation model reveals a means for the observed infection tolerance in this key animal reservoir for several human diseases.

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