A shift in antero-posterior positional information may contribute to the fin-to-limb transformation.

Omics approaches reveal conserved and diversified gene regulation between fin and limb development.

A three-dimensional investigation of extinct-tetrapod limbs shows that even though bone elongation and blood-cell production are intimately related to mammal long bones, these functions actually appeared successively in tetrapod evolution.

Development from dual-origin mesenchyme with common competence explains anatomical parallels and shared patterning of the jawed vertebrate gill arch and paired fin skeletons.

Feathered feet of pigeons and chickens result from a partial molecular and morphological transformation of legs to a wing-like identity.

Evolution of tumor suppressor genes can involve a trade-off because the acquisition of certain anti-cancer characteristics diminishes the ability to regenerate damaged tissue.

A medaka mutant revealed that Wnt11 promotes formation of uniquely large protrusions from non-myogenic dorsal dermomyotome cells, which guide the epaxial myotome dorsally to achieve the coverage of the neural tube.

Although many Apical Ectodermal Ridge signaling components are found in the axolotl limb epidermis, responsiveness to canonical Wnt signaling has shifted to the limb mesenchyme where it regulates mesenchymal Fgf8 expression.

While movement of Fgf-signaling to the limb mesenchyme accompanied a shift in function, the ultimate outcome remains a convergent tetrapod limb phenotype.

Regenerating neural progenitors of the Xenopus tropicalis tail prioritize differentiation to motor neuron types earlier than proliferation, a decision partly regulated by the transcription factors Pbx3 and Meis1.