Hybridization not only generates genetic diversity, but this diversity can alter the shape of the fitness landscape, changing which genotypic combinations are favored by natural selection and which accessible genotypic paths lead to novel fitness peaks.

Environmental heterogeneity may contribute to the high levels of genetic variation in glucosinolate genes found in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Loss-of-function mutations in human genes are an important class of disease causing variation, and estimates of their effects on evolutionary fitness can be used to evaluate their pathogenicity.

An interdisciplinary approach combining high throughput genotype-to-phenotype mapping, population genetic simulations, and experimental evolution provides an answer to the question of how populations evolve new functions by providing tests of the role antagonistic coevolution plays in pressuring populations to innovate.

Adaptational tradeoffs constrain the evolutionary pathways towards antimicrobial resistance, but highly fit mutants are nevertheless likely to arise at any concentration of the drug.

The impact of changing gene expression noise on fitness reveals beneficial or deleterious effects in a stable environment depending how close the average expression level is to the fitness optimum.

The chaperones Hsp70 and Sis1 collaborate to repress the heat shock response and are both transcriptional targets of the heat shock response, yet only Hsp70 acts as a negative feedback regulator of the heat shock response.

Environmental conditions strongly impact the fitness effects of Hsp90, resulting in the selection of Hsp90 sequences in nature that are robust to a variety of stressful conditions.

Use of experimental manipulation demonstrates that social/solitary feeding behaviors are unrelated to the fitness gains conferred by causative alleles in two previously identified genes.

A new model describes evolutionary transitions in individuality in terms of tradeoff and tradeoff-breaking events as opposed to changes in the nature of fitness.