The classical experimental paradigm of "enriched environments" is repositioned as a tool to address the question of how behavioral activity and the environment contribute to specific differences between individuals.

Defining the biological functions of long non-coding RNAs, individually or as a class, and teasing apart the role of underlying genomic sequences remains the biggest challenge for this field.

Human infants can use various muscle activations as soon as birth to produce rhythmic leg movements, but the strategy underlying this variable output seems to change between the first months of life and toddlerhood.

Animal-to-animal variability in neural circuit elements is often hidden under normal conditions, but becomes functionally relevant when the system is challenged by injury.

Expression of almost half of a library of fluorescent reporters distinguish long- from short-lived individual Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that organism-wide differences in gene expression drive future lifespan.

The excessive behavioral variability associated with adolescence is the result of greater instability of widespread or global gain signals which produces greater variability in the amplitude of expression of whole-brain states of task-related activity.

Similar evolutionary pressures on gene expression between human and chimpanzee populations contribute to the observation that inter-individual gene expression variability is similar across genes in these species.

Two distinct objects evoke fluctuating activity in visual cortex in a manner that could preserve information about both items.

The strength of pattern completion during memory retrieval, indexed by hippocampal activity and cortical reinstatement, explains within- and across-individual variability in episodic memory in older adults.

Measuring individual differences in noxious-evoked baseline sensitivity in neonates can substantially reduce sample sizes required in neonatal analgesic trials.