During adaptation in dogs, H3N2 canine influenza viruses (CIVs) became to recognize human-like SAα2,6-Gal receptor, increased replication ability in human cells, acquired a 100% transmission rate via respiratory droplet in ferret model, and human population lacked immunity to H3N2 CIVs.

An integrative conceptual and mathematical framework of immune variation that includes unique basal profiles associated with differential susceptibility to disease, distinct acute immune signatures associated with disease severity, and how different determinants can lead to individual pathways of illness outcome.

Deleterious mutations slow down flu's antigenic evolution, make it more punctuated in nature, and reduce the virus's genetic diversity.

Biochemical and cellular analyses reveal the mechanism by which EROS regulates NOX2 and P2X7 abundance in mouse and human.

The thymic selection of the human T-cell receptor repertoire releases polyspecific receptors with the ability to recognize and respond to peptides from unrelated viruses.

Broader case variation in respiratory viral load, and in shedding virus via droplets and aerosols, for SARS-CoV-2 than influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 facilitates greater transmission heterogeneity in the COVID-19 pandemic than the 2009 flu pandemic.

The poorly characterized BTB-protein SPOPL is required to maintain the function of the late endosomal system and the endocytic adaptor EPS15 is therein targeted by the SPOPL/Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex for degradation.

Thermodynamic, kinetic, and dynamic analyses as well as solubility proteome profiling reveal that influenza A virus liquid inclusions may be selectively hardened with promising antiviral activity.

The analysis of the genomes of two lineages of influenza B virus (Victoria and Yamagata) reveal that their phylodynamics are fundamentally different, and are determined by a complex relationship between virus transmission, age of infection and receptor binding preference.

A model of pathogen co-evolving with host population continuously acquiring immunity is used to identify evolutionary parameters allowing pathogen population to persist without going extinct or splitting into independent lineages.