Neurons in the rat striatum respond preferentially to long or short time intervals, enabling the animal to track the passage of time.

During behavior, many neurons do not have classic trial-averaged responses to behaviorally relevant stimuli, but can still have activity and population dynamics related to stimulus and behavioral choice on single trials.

Neuronal activity in the striatum keeps track of elapsed time during the time production task while that in the cerebellum correlates with stochastic variation of self-timing in the range of several hundreds of milliseconds.

As mice learn to associate events separated in time, neurons within the CA1 region of the hippocampus progressively reorganize their firing patterns, leading to a relay of cellular activity that bridges the two events.

Rats act as if they expect that the delays associated with temporal cues will covary due to a common causal factor.

Dynamic dopaminergic signaling modulates the timing of reward-related movements by tuning the moment-to-moment probability of their onset.

Mixed responses in single cells or distributed across a local population of neurons can explain regression effects during time reproduction.

When behavioral outcomes are unfavorable, the brain searches for better outcomes by deliberately increasing its internal variability.

Direct and indirect pathways in the basal ganglia have opposing effects not only on action performance but also on internal timing of expected reward delivery.

Receptive fields for time in the hippocampus, like receptive fields for retinal space and receptive fields for numerosity, obey the Weber-Fechner law.