The combination of juxtacellular recordings with optogenetics in freely moving mice enables the targeting of genetically defined cell classes for high-resolution, single-cell structure–function analysis.

Morphologically-mature granule cells with complex dendritic trees contribute to a sparse representation of space in the rat dentate gyrus.

Presubicular head-direction circuits are cell-type specific, with long-range projections reaching the 'grid-cell area' medial entorhinal cortex.

GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing 'orchid cells' of the medial septum selectively target GABAergic neurons in connected extra-hippocampal areas of the mouse, providing rhythmically bursting inhibitory input at the peak of hippocampal 5-12 Hz theta oscillatory cycles.

Midbrain dopamine neurons function according to their axonal projections in the intact brain.

There is surprising functional splitting of major hippocampal GABA cell classes during high-frequency network oscillations that doubles the repertoire of spatio-temporal patterns of GABA release.

In rodents and primates, there are two subtypes of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons that provide novel substrates for selective inhibition in the striatum.

Neural and network activity within a pontine-cortical micturition circuit are finely coordinated with urodynamics to assure appropriate voiding behaviors.

Optogenetics and in vivo recordings in mice reveal that pauses in cholinergic interneurons offer an alternative mechanism to inhibit subthreshold and suprathreshold events of spiny projection neurons.

A spatial analysis of auditory and non-auditory properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus defines the border between the lateral and the dorsal cortex.