Anterior Cingulate Cortex displays robust tracking during strategy execution of a summary statistic for that strategy in recent behavioral history, suggesting a role for this brain region in estimating which actions promote the occurrence of events in the environment.

Spontaneous and visually evoked neuronal ensembles in mouse visual cortex can last for weeks, potentially supporting the long-lasting representation of perceptions and memories.

The prefrontal cortex encodes both stable and dynamic representations of expected value, providing mechanisms to support robust as well as flexible access to value information during temporal delays.

Neurons in human dorsal motor cortex, an area involved in controlling arm and hand movements, are also active – and show similar ensemble dynamics – during speaking.

The anterior cingulate cortex intermixes a precise spatial map with a cognitive map of the task, and spontaneously recalls multimodal information about unrealized choice outcomes during pauses in behavior after reinforcements.

Amphetamine reduces reward signaling by neurons in rat prefrontal cortex, but increases the stability of population dynamics, which account for animals’ increased task engagement, despite reduced reward motivation.

New computational models provide insights into how the insect brain estimates the speed and direction of movement.

Temporally close events share a common timestamp regardless of the spatial context in which they occur.

The interplay of recurrent excitation and short-term plasticity enables nonlinear transient amplification, an ideal mechanism for selective amplification, pattern completion, and pattern separation in recurrent neural networks.