The coordinated differential modulation of satiety signaling POMC- and hunger signaling AgRP- neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus assigns an important role to noradrenalin to promote feeding.

Humans supplement complex, resource-demanding strategies with simple heuristics for solving the exploration-exploitation dilemma, and noradrenaline functioning controls their utilisation.

The neurotransmitter noradrenaline selectively modulates metacognition, the conscious insight into one's performance, but does not alter perceptual decision making, revealing that different neuromodulators affect different stages of a decision making process.

Targeted manipulation of the locus coeruleus noradrenaline circuitry combined with extensive transcriptomic analyses in the mouse hippocampus reveal a unique set of noradrenaline-dependent, stress-related genes and point to astrocytic engagement.

When conscious visual perception changes, the observer's pupils simultaneously signal the accompanying change in visual cortical representation, and specific neuromodulatory activity that helps translate the altered visual experience into behavior.

In mouse brain slices, native delta glutamate receptors carry ionic current and underlie the α1-adrenergic receptor-mediated depolarization of dorsal raphe neurons that drives action potential firing in vivo.

A human psychopharmacology study reveals that a drug that affects the dopamine and noradrenaline systems enhances people's ability to adapt their learning rate to suit the volatility of the environment.

The long-term retention of extinction is enhanced by ontogenetic stimulation of locus coeruleus neurons applied during extinction of a reward-seeking response, further implicating noradrenaline in appetitive extinction.

Evidence for neuromodulatory control of flexibility in human neural models.

Silencing noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus to the ventral and lateral regions of the orbitofrontal cortex prevents the updating of previously established goal-directed actions.