Considerable differences are observed in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A, the genotypes of which have putative origins in North Africa/Middle East (HBV-D) and the Middle East/Central Asia (HBV-A).

Flight restrictions targeted at countries where SARS-CoV-2 variant-of-concern first emerged have limited effectiveness in deterring their introduction into the Netherlands due to the strength of regional travel importation risks in Europe.

Variation in migration can evolve rapidly and traits that comprise this behaviour may be determined by standing variation at a few regulatory regions that are not common across taxonomic groups.

A robust framework of integrative phylogeography and advanced taxonomy to resolve the historical biogeography and species boundaries of true toads across the Eastern Palearctic.

Wild baboons are an excellent model to study complex evolutionary processes such as speciation and hybridization, as well as the links between sociality, longevity and reproductive success.

Canadian COVID-19 travel restrictions imposed in March 2020 greatly reduced SARS-CoV-2 importations, but were insufficient to prevent new sublineages of similar transmissibility from being introduced and replacing early sublineages.

Genome sequence data from 58 Mexican swine influenza A viruses resolves the spatial origin of the virus that originated the influenza pandemic of 2009.

Shigella flexneri, globally the most frequent cause of bacterial dysentery, is far more diverse, and has caused disease around the world for far longer than other Shigella species by persisting in local environments over extended timescales.

Social networks can be the primary risk factor for mumps infection and transmission, regardless of age and vaccination status.

The analysis of the genomes of two lineages of influenza B virus (Victoria and Yamagata) reveal that their phylodynamics are fundamentally different, and are determined by a complex relationship between virus transmission, age of infection and receptor binding preference.