A specific neuronal pathway within the auditory system represents information about the statistical prediction and error for incoming sounds, thereby contributing to efficient representation of complex sounds and sound streams in the brain.

Pain processing in certain brain regions implements predictive coding principles, offering a novel perspective on the neural basis of pain perception.

The novel neural marker for the integration of top-down predictions and bottom-up signals in perception elucidates uncertainty in perceptual inference and provides evidence for the predictive coding account of perception.

The development of knowledge for a board game facilitates memory for sequences in the game, demonstrating a new mechanism for the facilitation by enabling complicated predictions.

Neural activity in the rat nucleus accumbens provides a rich task representation that includes not only expected outcomes, but also the specific identity of the cues that predict these outcomes.

The hippocampus demonstrates flexible coding during memory encoding, prioritizing either distance or time information based on the specific requirements of the experiment.

Predictive cognitive maps can be learned during behavior and replays using in spiking neurons.

Changes to sensory predictions are encoded by beta oscillations, surprise due to prediction violations by gamma oscillations, and alpha oscillations may have a role in controlling the precision of predictions.

Multivariate analyses of human electrophysiological recordings revealed that the brain represents unexpected visual stimuli with greater fidelity than expected stimuli which arose independently of simple habituation arising from repetition.

fMRI and high-density ECoG recordings reveal a hierarchical gradient along the auditory pathway for auditory sequence processing in the marmoset brain.