The frequent co-occurrence of two variants of influenza is due to the fact that they cooperate, meaning that a mixed population grows better than either variant alone.

When antiviral compounds target oligomeric assemblages, the formation of chimeric oligomers within cells can negate selection for naturally occurring drug-resistant variants.

Favipiravir, a novel nucleoside analogue, can clear a persistent norovirus infection in vivo through lethal mutagenesis.

Interferon lambda 4, a protein part of the innate immune response, drives major amino acids selection in patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus.

Cryo EM and a custom subvolume refinement approach applied to mouse polyomavirus revealed the in vivo impact of polyomavirus capsid mutations on antiviral antibody immunoevasion and neurovirulence.

Characterisation of within-host diversity of SARS-CoV-2 provides insights into the mutational and selective mechanisms driving its evolution and has important implications for using within-host variation to inform transmission inference efforts.

A new experimental system of horizontal gene transfer demonstrates that host retrotransposons facilitate the transfer of host genes into poxviruses.

Mathematical modelling suggests that the evolution of communication between bacterial viruses requires repeated outbreak events, and the model then predicts typical communication strategies.

Integrated analysis of IFN-λ and HCV amino acid variation indicates the key role of host innate immunity in viral control.