Consistent bimodal variations in the femoral morphology of various modern amniotes and a remarkably large herd of coeval fossil non-avian theropods evidences sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs.

While men’s mating success is predicted both by their strength/muscularity, voice pitch, height, and testosterone levels, their reproductive output is only predicted by strength/muscularity.

In the dioecious plant genus Leucadendron, shifts to sex-biased gene expression occurred predominantly in genes with ancestrally high rates of expression evolution, and were not correlated with morphology.

Co-evolution of sexually dimorphic reinforcement systems for song can explain the coexistence of the seemingly contradictory traits of gregariousness and monogamy in social songbirds.

Fewer neurons and more glia than previously predicted plus substantial differences between males and females are revealed when entire intact Drosophila larval central nervous systems are quantified using a synthesis of genetic, imaging, and computation technologies.

Studying fossils from a mass-mortality event reveals evidence for sexual dimorphism and, unusually, equal numbers of males and females in a herd of dinosaurs.

Sex differences in trait variability imply that both sexes should be included in biomedical trials, using sex-specific statistical power calculations.

Despite the structural sexual dimorphism in the song control system, both male and female starlings experience similar seasonal neuroplasticity in multisensory systems and cerebellum during the photosensitive phase, which acts as a sensitive window of plasticity.

Analyses of fru P1 neurons that express dpr/DIP genes reveal roles for subsets of neurons in courtship, and the roles of Dpr/DIPs and the sex hierarchy in neuroanatomical sexual dimorphism.

Engineering male mosquitoes lacking the fruitless gene induces them to be attracted to humans.