Sialoside-based pattern recognition by Siglecs directly regulates toll-like receptor signaling and a sialidase inhibitor protects against endotoxemia.

The structure of the promising malaria blood-stage vaccine candidate antigen PfCyRPA and the characterization of a protective epitope are facilitating research on its essential role in parasite invasion, and will guide future epitope-focused vaccine design.

Glycans are remodeled by HIV and are determinants of CD4+ T cell susceptibility to HIV infection.

The crystal structures of the key vaccine candidate CyRPA alone and in complex with antibody Fab fragment was solved and this will be important information for designing a vaccine.

While Dectin-1 is a well-known C-type lectin receptor recognizing b-glucan and involved in anti-fungal immunity, human Dectin-1 is O-glycosylated and acts as a ligand for another C-type lectin receptor, CLEC-2, expressed by platelets that mediates homeostatic responses such as lymphangiogenesis.

A critical role for glycosylation on viral entry and methods to use this knowledge to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infectivity has been demonstrated.

B cells regulate production of neutrophils by a novel mechanism by releasing ST6Gal-1, an active sialyltransferase, that suppresses granulopoiesis.

Structure of the dimeric Haemophilus influenzae TRAP transporter (SiaQM) reveals two Na⁺ sites, the substrate-binding site and lipid-binding sites, and weak but promiscuous binding of SiaP to SiaQM.

By distributing receptor-binding and receptor-destroying proteins asymmetrically on their surface, filamentous influenza A virus particles create a Brownian ratchet that facilitates their passage through mucus.

When pioneer metastatic cells enter a sentinel lymph node through afferent lymphatics subcapsular sinus, macrophages provide them soil to proliferate and colonize lymph node.