The role of an amino acid-dependent tRNA modification as a nutrient sensor and regulator of metabolic homeostasis has been discovered.

The genome of Thermovibrio ammonificans encodes ancestral pathways (e.g., hydrogen oxidation) and more recently acquired ones (e.g., nitrate reduction) and a hybrid pathway for CO₂ fixation.

Cysteine dioxygenase, a conserved and critical enzyme in sulfur amino acid metabolism, is activated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor.

Physiological differentiation during symbiosis leads to division of labor between smaller and larger cells in an uncultured bacterial tubeworm symbiont population and results in remarkable metabolic diversity and complexity.

A protein-bounded organelle-like compartment from Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 is upregulated under sulfur starvation and contains a cysteine desulfurase cargo enzyme.

Single-cell amplified genome sequencing uncovers virus-host interactions in uncultivated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria with relevance to coupled biogeochemical cycling in marine oxygen minimum zones.

Mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction inhibits mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism, impairing cellular nucleotide biosynthesis.

Mitochondrial proteins Nfu1 and BolA3 mediate the transfer of preformed [4Fe-4S] clusters within the mitochondria to recipient proteins to shield clusters from oxidative damage during transfer.

ATF4, the master regulator of transcription during the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), causes global changes in cysteine sulfhydration of proteins and this event causes cellular metabolic reprogramming.

An unexpected new biological function was discovered for the universally conserved cofactor lipoate, as lipoate-binding proteins proved essential for a novel wide-spread prokaryotic sulfur oxidation pathway.