Beneficial symbiotic bacteria encode an exceptional number of toxin-related genes that are all expressed by the symbionts in the host, supporting their key role in host-microbe interactions.

An unexpected new biological function was discovered for the universally conserved cofactor lipoate, as lipoate-binding proteins proved essential for a novel wide-spread prokaryotic sulfur oxidation pathway.

Spermidine-mediated superoxide generation affects iron homeostasis in Escherichia coli.

Post-translational installation of thioglycine in methyl-coenzyme M reductase in the methanogenic archaeon Methanosarcina acetivorans is mediated by the tfuA-ycaO locus and stabilizes the protein secondary structure near the active site.

Cryo-EM and particle classification techniques reveal how the electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima multimerizes to connect distant active sites and reveal different conformational states that enable catalysis.

ATF4, the master regulator of transcription during the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), causes global changes in cysteine sulfhydration of proteins and this event causes cellular metabolic reprogramming.

Mammalian cellular iron homeostasis and the maturation of the cytosolic iron sulfur cluster proteins are dependent on the mitochondrial protein import machinery.

Cysteine dioxygenase, a conserved and critical enzyme in sulfur amino acid metabolism, is activated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor.

RecA is inactivated by oxidative stress and repaired by the MsrA/B anti-ROS defense system.

Physiological differentiation during symbiosis leads to division of labor between smaller and larger cells in an uncultured bacterial tubeworm symbiont population and results in remarkable metabolic diversity and complexity.