David G Saliba, Pablo F Céspedes-Donoso ... Michael L Dustin
TCR and CD40L microclusters are linked in synaptic ectosomes (extracellular vesicles) and released in the immunological synapse by helper T cells and induce dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production.
Conditional knockout of the small GTPase Cdc42 in excitatory neurons of the mouse forebrain leads to impaired long-term synaptic plasticity and impaired retrieval of remote memory.
Synaptic defects previously attributed to loss of kinesin function are found to be mediated by the Wnd/DLK axonal injury signaling pathway, which restrains the total levels of presynaptic proteins in response to their accumulation.
Javier Emperador-Melero, Giovanni de Nola, Pascal S Kaeser
Leukocyte common antigen-related receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (LAR-RPTPs) are precisely localized to synaptic appositions, but do not control the assembly and function of the presynaptic nerve terminal.
The auxiliary protein Stargazin limits the conformational dynamics of AMPA-type glutamate receptors in cell membranes, as revealed by 'molecular rulers' deployed on the seconds to milliseconds timescale.
Munenori Ishibashi, Joyce Keung ... Stephen C Massey
Each cone terminal is electrically coupled to around 50 nearby rods, forming a switchable circuit, known as the secondary rod pathway, in which all gap junction channels participate.
Two novel mutations in the GRIN2B gene reduce glutamate affinity by >1000-fold, reduce the receptors proton-sensitivity, and exert a dominant-negative effect over receptors in neurons.