In Brachypodiumdistachyon, a single locus accounts for natural variation in whether perception of short day-lengths confers competence to flower.

CBFs, the central regulators of low-temperature signaling, have a function to directly activate the expression of COOLAIR, an antisense RNA of FLC, during vernalization process, but COOLAIR is not required for the vernalization response.

An adaptation to extreme winter has involved a shift to autumn temperature monitoring.

Variation in autumnal expression from starting expression levels and initial cold-down-regulation, rather than epigenetic silencing, is the major field variable conferred by worldwide haplotypes of the floral repressor gene, FLC.

The domain-general executive brain regions support the use of a novel cognitive tool even when it is structurally similar to natural language.

Two copies of a Polycomb target gene in the same cell can be maintained in independently heritable expression states, demonstrating that long-term memory of gene expression is stored locally.

Gene expression changes associated with polymorphisms in non-coding sequences of the flowering time regulator FLM directly influence flowering time in ambient temperature in Arabidopsis over an extended vegetative period.

A well-established model for how plants start the process of flowering in periods of cold weather may need revisiting.

When making two decisions about one object, two streams of information can be acquired in parallel but must be incorporated into the two decisions serially, consistent with a central bottleneck.

The establishment of Ustilago bromivora and Brachypodium as a biotrophic model system provides the foundation for studying new aspects of plant-pathogen interactions and for answering questions about fungal sex and speciation.