Simultaneous associations between light and tone are required for sensory preconditioning responding.

(A) Schematic representation of the LTSPC task in males (2 training sessions) with a representation of paired, unpaired and no-shock experimental groups. The temporal dynamics of freezing represented in bins of 10 seconds across time of experiment of the Probe Test 1 (Tone) (B on the left) and Probe Test 2 (light) (C on the left). The percentage of time spent freezing during OFF and ON periods of the Probe Test 1 (Tone) (B on the right) and Probe Test 2 (light) (C on the right). * Significant p-value (<0.05) after false discovery rate (FDR). GLM: generalized linear model fitted to gamma distribution with planned comparisons. KW: Kruskal-Wallis across experimental groups: paired, unpaired, no-shock. See statistical details in Supplementary Table 1.

Hippocampal cell activity during LTSPC.

A) Schematic representation of LTSPC task while fiber photometry recordings of RCaMP (calcium sensor in synapsin-positive neurons) and Cre-dependent GCaMP (calcium sensor in PV-positive interneurons) in dHPC and vHPC of PVcre mice. B) dHPC modulation during preconditioning of LTSPC: on the left upper panel z scores of (where f represents fluorescence) of GCaMP PV-positive interneurons on dHPC (green), left bottom z scores of of RCaMP in neurons of dHPC (red), right upper number of events with a > 2 of GCaMP PV-positive interneurons on dHPC, and right bottom number of trials with a > 2 of Rcamp in neurons of dHPC. C) vHPC modulation during LTSPC: on left upper painel z scores of of GCaMP PV-positive inter neurons of vHPC (green), left bottom z scores of of RCaMP in neurons of vHPC (red), right upper number of trials with a > 2 of Gcamp in PV-positive interneurons of vHPC, and right bottom number of trials with a > 2 of RCaMP in neurons of vHPC. D) maximal value of in the first 1 second window after pairings compared with baseline, on the left (dHPC) and on the right (vHPC). * Significant p-value (<0.05). See statistical details in Supplementary Table 1.

CaMKII neurons during preconditioning on dHPC and vHPC.

A) maximal value of in the first 1 second window after stimulus compared with baseline, for each stimulus during preconditioning session, on the left (dHPC) and on the light (vHPC). B) dHPC modulation during preconditioning of LTSPC: on left z scores of (where f represents fluorescence) of GCaMP in CaMKII-positive neurons on dHPC (green), on right number of events with a > 2 of GCaMP CaMKII-positive neurons on dHPC. C) vHPC modulation during preconditioning of LTSPC: on left z scores of (where f represents fluorescence) of GCaMP in CaMKII-positive neurons on vHPC (green), on right number of events with a > 2 of GCaMP CaMKII-positive neurons on vHPC. D) maximal value of in the first 1 second window after stimulus compared with baseline, for the average of the 6 pairings stimuli during preconditioning session, on the left (dHPC) and on the light (vHPC). *, p-value (<0.05). Statistical details in Supplementary Table 2.

Chemogenetic modulation of dorsal and ventral hippocampus during LTSPC.

(A) Schematic representation of LTSPC task combined with chemogenetic approaches, where an inhibitory DREADD was infused in dHPC (representative image on the left) and vHPC (representative image on the right). During the preconditioning (DPC) or the Probe Test (DPT), a DREADD agonist (J60) was injected intraperitoneally (controls where injected with the agonist in both phases) (diagram of DREADD agonist administration on the center). (B,C,D,E on the left) The temporal dynamics of freezing represented in bins of 10 seconds across time of experiment of the Probe Test 1 (Tone) of dHPC (B on the left) and vHPC (C on the left) and Probe Test 2 (light) of dHPC (D on the left) and vHPC (E on the left). (B, C on the right) The percentage of time spent in freezing during OFF and ON periods (left) of the Probe Test 1 (Tone) of animals infused in dHPC (B on the right) and vHPC (C on the right) D, E). (D, E on the right) The percentage of time spent in freezing during OFF and ON periods (left) of the Probe Test 2 (Light) of animals infused in dHPC (D on the right) and vHPC (E on the right). Controls are labeleld as Constrols_d (on dHPC) and Controls_V (on vHPC). The preconditioning groups are labelled as DPCd (on dHPC) and DPCv (on vHPC). The Probe Test groups are labelled as DPTd (on dHPC) and DPTv (on vHPC). *Significant p-value (<0.05) after false discovery rate (FDR). GLM: generalized linear model fitted to gamma distribution with planned comparisons. See statistical details in Supplementary Table 1.