Figures and data
Experimental Materials.
A. Trial sequence and display sizes. Each trial starts with a 150-ms non-informative cue at one of the peripheral boxes, followed by a 150-ms fixation cue with a 300-ms SOA. The target was a 450-ms colored Chinese character presented 600 ms after the fixation cue onset at the two target locations with equal probabilities. ISI = interstimulus interval; ITI = intertrial interval. B. The character-color combinations in the three congruency conditions. In the neutral condition (first row), the characters were not color-related. In the other conditions, the characters were color names (translation added for illustration purposes). S-R mapping = stimulus-response mapping; NE = neutral; SI = semantically incongruent; RI = response-incongruent.
Behavioral Results.
Mean reaction times (A) and accuracies (B) as a function of cue validity and congruency. Error bars extend to one standard error of the mean (SEM).
IOR Effect in the Neutral Condition and Parameter Estimation.
A. Brain regions showing significant activations in the contrast between the cued-NE and uncued-NE conditions, with a threshold of p < 0.005 (uncorrected) with a minimum cluster size of 540 mm³ (20 voxels), yielding a corrected p < 0.05 based on 2,500 Monte Carlo simulations in BrainVoyager. Warm colors represent stronger activations in the cued condition, and cold colors represent stronger activations in the uncued condition. B. Parameter estimates for each activation region. Error bars extend to 1 SEM. L = left; R = right. *** p < .001.
Brain regions showing significant activation differences between the cued-NE and uncued-NE conditions.
IOR Effect under the Semantic Conflict (A) and the Response Conflict (B).
These two effects were quantified as cued-SI minus cued_NE > uncued-SI minus uncued-NE and cued-RI minus cued-SI > uncued-RI minus uncued-SI, respectively. Parameter estimations were based on a threshold of p < 0.005 (uncorrected), with a minimum cluster size of 540 mm³ (20 voxels), yielding a corrected p < 0.05 based on 2500 Monte Carlo simulations in BrainVoyager. Error bars extend to 1 SEM. **p < .01, *p < .05, n.s. = non-significant.
